Page 501 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

Agency competent to exercise the power of absence is worrying because scientific ad- laws passed by Congress, encourage coastal technological information and know very
inspection and control of the funds contrib- vances and the improvement of oceano- states to implement coastal management little about the history of science and tech-
uted. However, not all agencies have these graphic technologies increasingly expand plans, which differs from what is done in nology in the country. Brazilians believe
human and financial resources, which makes the possibility of new discoveries, monopo- Brazil due to the absence of laws regulat- that scientific and technological knowl-
it difficult to regulate and encourage them. lized by few developed countries, which may ing, supervising and mitigating procedures edge will solve problems and that most
In addition, a large part of the resources used make it difficult to establish a legal regime potentially harmful to the environment. of its actions will be carried out where the
in ST&I by companies are disguised as RD&I, that restricts the market that has been con- However, no public policy, program or population can concretely see the impact
but they are actually resources to meet the solidating in the depths of the sea. It was plan in the area of Marine Biotechnology and its application. In line with the greater

environmental obligations that bodies estab- also defined that the mineral resources found will be successful if it does not have the en- interest shown by the themes of medicine,
lish for companies. Thus, there is a fine line there are patrimony of humanity. There is, gagement and support of society and this is health and the environment, the areas indi-
between the investment that the company is however, no forecast as to the destination perhaps the most important aspect. In recent cated for greater development of ST&I ini-
obliged to make to comply with environmen- and ownership of biodiversity resources. On decades, Brazil has been expanding its efforts tiatives are medicines, renewable energies,
tal agencies and the 1% that the company the other hand, the Convention on Biolog- to advance scientific and technological devel- agriculture, climate change, exploitation of
can use as RD&I, causing the companies’ real ical Diversity submits biodiversity, and con- opment, and in particular Marine Biotechnol- Amazon resources.

investment to be reduced. The area of Ma- sequently its genetic resources, to the prin- ogy. But the benefits and impacts of science Also, according to the CGEE survey, Bra-
rine Biotechnology has not yet fully benefited ciple of sovereignty, consecrating the rights and technology on citizens’ lives in general zilians consider science backward. Howev-
from this resource allocation, although the of States over the natural resources that are are poorly recognized. This aspect is of great er, they don’t know the research institu-
country has doubled investment in ST&I as a under their jurisdiction. There is, therefore, a importance, not only to help decision-mak- tions, they don’t know the scientists and
whole between 2004 and 2014. gap in the regulation of marine genetic re- ing in relation to the area, but also to expand they don’t know that the main funder of
The creation of Regulatory Agencies, sources if they are located in this Area. society’s participation in these choices. It is ST&I in the country is the State. Therefore,
which was seen as a way of disciplining the Brazil with its Amazônia Azul (Blue important to know, for example, how much it is up to the government, the scientific
sector, lacks greater integration with pub- Amazon) is certainly one of the countries the Brazilian population knows about issues community, research and teaching institu-
lic policies, plans and programs, in order to most affected by the use of Biodiversity by related to science and technology, notably tions and the media, in a joint effort, to fill
establish an adequate flow of resources for Marine Biotechnology, which lacks a more about Marine Biotechnology. this gap so that society truly recognizes and
the ST&I area and in particular for Marine active role for the government in legal pro- In many countries, surveys on the public appropriates Brazilian Science and Technol-
Biotechnology. As it stands, current agencies cesses and in international organizations, perception of science have been used as a ogy as strategic resources for sustainable
are bodies that are out of step with other with support in national policies that allow support instrument for the formulation of development for the country.
governmental and private actors in the area for a more active role most relevant in the public policies, the social monitoring of S&T In the specific case of Marine Biotech-
of Marine Biotechnology. On the other hand, use of marine resources. applications and the evaluation of decisions nology, the recognition of its importance
there is also a great discrepancy between de- Another important aspect that needs related to science and technology policy. In is relatively easier than in other areas of
veloped and developing countries, such as to be mentioned is the reduction of envi- Brazil, this has not been done systematical- knowledge. Some areas such as health and
Brazil, with regard to the legal frameworks in ronmental impacts and conflicts in coastal ly. Public policies are often established with aquaculture are two clear examples. The ac-

the area of Marine Biotechnology, mainly re- areas. Currently, the National Coastal Man- government and private actors that do not tions under the responsibility of the Ministry
lated to the definition of the United Nations agement Plan is the main instrument with incorporate society’s perception. of Health, for example, aim to meet the so-
Convention on the Law of the Sea (MON- this objective. But the Plan is not an appa- In a recent survey carried out by the cial demand for new products, inputs, and
TEGO BAY, 1982) that defined and improved ratus in Laws and needs to be renewed pe- Center for Management and Strategic specialized services in the health area. The
marine zones of influence of the States riodically, which weakens the adoption of Studies (CGEE), it was observed that, de- introduction of new technologies results
and established the “Area”, constituted by more concrete measures to reduce conflicts. spite a high declared interest in S&T and in an accelerated advance in diagnostic,
the seabed, seabed and its subsoil beyond The model adopted by the USA, for exam- a positive view on the subject, Brazilians therapeutic and health prevention resources.
the limits of national jurisdiction. The legal ple, where Coastal Zone Management has show little appropriation of scientific and Public policies in the health area are mainly

498 BLUE ECONOMY Development of Marine Biotechnology 499