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Table 3 - Gross Domestic Product (thousand) of coastal states and their respective
Table 2 - Metropolitan regions and urban agglomerations municipalities in front of the sea and the share (%) in 2015 and 2018
in coastal states in 2020

UF Municipalities (%) UF Municipalities (%)
State Type/Total Number Type/Number Participation (2015) (2018)
of Municipalities of municipalities (%)
in front of the sea Pará 130,899,505.12 3,562,161.31 2.7 161,349,602.00 4,227,933.64 2.6
São Paulo 6 RM (168) RM Baixada Santista (9) 6.0 Amapá 13,861,293.27 9,700,304.05 70.0 16,795,206.67 11,677,241.87 69.5
3 AGL (49) RM Vale do Paraíba e North 144,760,798.39 13,262,465.36 9.2 178,144,808.67 15,905,175.50 8.9
Litoral Norte (4) Maranhão 78,475,993.84 32,123,024.23 40.9 98,179,495.65 40,244,250.12 41.0
5.5
Rio Grande do Sul 2 RM (48) AGL Litoral Norte (10) 16.4 Piauí 39,149,685.74 2,157,073.49 5.5 50,378,417.56 2,783,483.16 57.8
59.1 155,903,824.75
130,629,848.53
77,166,345.85
Ceará
90,175,759.20
2 AGL (25) AGL Sul (2) Rio Grande 57,250,866.83 27,185,169.14 47.5 66,969,562.00 31,931,349.55 47.7
Alagoas RM (83) RM Caetés (1) 9.6 do Norte
RM Maceió (5) Paraíba 56,141,890.25 24,391,269.68 43.4 64,373,595.37 26,958,048.08 41.9
RM São Francisco (2) Pernambuco 156,963,667.54 91,240,053.25 58.1 186,351,975.25 106,362,971.00 57.1
Amapá 1 RM (3) RM Macapá (1) 33.0 Alagoas 46,367,210.61 25,240,373.21 54.4 54,413,046.66 28,283,740.21 52.0
Bahia 1 RM (29) RM Salvador (9) 31.0 Sergipe 38,556,530.46 19,964,431.03 51.8 42,017,981.28 21,905,012.56 52.1
Ceará RM (46) RM Fortaleza (9) 19.6 Bahia 245,043,689.66 115,068,100.98 47.0 286,239,541.12 128,807,692.44 45.0
Espirito Santo RM (7) RM Grande Vitória (4) 57.1 Northeast 848,579,383.46 414,535,840.87 48.9 1,004,827,439.63 477,452,306.31 47.5
Maranhão RM (35) RM Grande São Luiz (6) 17.1 Espírito Santo 120,365,979.91 83,916,524.99 69.7 137,020,054.88 95,197,553.17 69.5
Paraíba RM (159) RM João Pessoa (7) 6.3 Rio de Janeiro 659,138,951.83 530,563,328.37 80.5 758,859,046.87 614,306,598.24 81.0
RM Vale do Mamanguape (3) São Paulo 1,939,901,907.12 63,006,198.10 3.2 2,210,561,949.48 76,159,877.14 3.4
Pernambuco RM (14) RM Recife (8) 57.1 Southeast 2,719,406,838.87 677,486,051.46 24.9 3,106,441.051.22 785,664,028.55 25.3
376,962,821.63
440,029,402.86
3.3
14,408,915.00
Paraná
2.5
9,523,337.73
Rio de Janeiro 1 RM (22) RM Rio de Janeiro (9) 40.9 Santa Catarina 249,079,642.28 80,950,176.79 32.5 298,227,090.04 100,519,499.29 33.7
Rio Grande do Norte RM (15) RM Natal (6) 40.0 Ri Grande 381,992,601.12 15,196,744.87 4.0 457,293,957.59 21,017,754.19 4.6
Santa Catarina RM (295) RM Carbonífera (5) 5.8 do Sul
RM Foz do Rio Itajaí (8) South 1,008,035,065.03 105,670,259.39 10.5 1.195.550.450.48 135.946.168.47 11.4
RM Florianópolis (6) Total 4.720.782.085.75 1.210.954.617.07 25.7 5.484.963.750.00 1.414.967.678.82 25.8
RM Tubarão (3) Source: author’s elaboration, based on IBGE data (2020)
RM Norte/Nordeste Catarinense (3) Table 3 shows the GDP of coastal states, smallest shares were concentrated in Pará,
Total 998 120 12.0
the respective municipalities in front of the sea Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul in both years,
and the share for the years 2015 and 2018. In although the last two should be highlighted,
Source: author’s elaboration, based on IBGE (2020) 2018, the highest shares were concentrated with considerable increases in the aggregate
in Rio de Janeiro (81%), followed by Amapá GDP of the municipalities in front of the sea.
and Espírito Santo (both 69.5%) and Ceará When observing the variations in GDP
(57.8%). Comparing with the year 2015, the of the municipalities from 2015 to 2018,
Of the 280 municipalities in front of the territories with multiple uses and conflicts highest shares were: Rio de Janeiro (81%); there is a slight increase in the South region
sea, 120 (43%) are located in MR or AGL. in which extremely fragile ecosystems are Amapá (70%) and Espírito Santo (69.7%). (28.7%) - highlighting the municipalities of
Being part of a MR advocates the integra- present, organizing effective public policies It is recorded that three of the four states Santa Catarina, followed by the North re-
tion of public policies among the munic- that meet the greatest number of interests mentioned (RJ, ES and CE) have the coast- gion (19.9%), with emphasis on the mu-
ipalities that comprise them. Considering is an additional challenge. al capital and shares in MR above 30%. The nicipalities of Amapá.

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