Page 474 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

Cyber-attacks in the maritime environ- panies and ensuring the safe operation of
ment have shown the vulnerability of inte- navigation and control systems on onboard Figure 3. Relationships of Ocean Technology to Society
grated navigation systems and integrated platforms. This solution has been demand-
platform management controls, with cases ing important research into subsystems or
of cyberattacks on ships and shipowners specific operations such as autonomous
being not uncommon (LEITE et al., 2021). vessels, port systems and IT/OT systems in- Scientific & Fishing
Intentional sabotage activities in the satel- stalled on board ships (MELAND, 2021). Sovereignty Technological &
Development
lite positioning or AIS identification signal Several studies that are being conducted Aquaculture
are possible occurrences, causing material in important research centers such as the National Ports &
and personal damage of great proportions. University of Plymouth and the University of Economy Shipping
Market
This operational risk has increased in in- Science and Technology of Norway (NTNU) solutions Industrial
Pole &
tensity since the 2000s with the boom in the have shown the low awareness of the mari- Environment Socioeconomic Services
Progress
digitization of ships, causing the emergence time community in relation to this problem, Technology Defense
of an important technological industry that showing that there is still a vast field of re-
Ocean
aims to mitigate such problems: maritime search and development to be pursued to Culture Civil society Operational
Forecasts
cybersecurity. This branch specializes in pro- mitigate risks in the digitization and connec- Private National
tecting data from ships and shipping com- tivity of maritime navigation systems. Climate Companies Government Oil &
Gas
Studies Bodies Industry
4. Challenges in Ocean Technology New Ocean Technical
Technologies International Technology Autonomy
Collaboration Mixed
There is a diversity of actors linked to concepts of pure research to become pro- Pollution Companies
the studies and use of the ocean, involving totypes that prove these concepts and then Control Tourism
Science &
different areas of science (oceanography, products in the hands of the industry for Observational Technology Educational
meteorology, engineering, social sciences, use in the market. The understanding of Programs Institutes Institutions R&D&I
Projects
biology, etc.), the fishing, aquaculture, oil this chain was very well adopted by NASA, Energy
Coastal
& gas, mining, energy renewable resourc- which developed the Technology Readiness Management Matrix
es, tourism, leisure, among many others, Levels-TRL metric (GIL, ANDRADE & COS- Technological Standardization/ (Renewables)
Normization
Improvement
as exemplified in the circular diagram be- TA, 2014). In this metric, basic research and
low. Added to this, the cultural, social, prototype development range from TRL-1 International Scientific Marine
Studies
economic, environmental, and geological to TRL-5, that is, research and invention Relations Mining
diversity in the different regions of the processes. The pilot improvements for real Marine Pharmaceuticals
&
Brazilian coast. All this plurality will be environments, innovation processes, from Rescue Biotechnology
reflected in the existing technologies that TRL-5 to TRL-7, a stage that should already HR training
must supply anywhere from the needs of include companies and startups, and the
artisanal fishermen in coastal areas to the evolutions for the products or services to
demands of large oil & gas and deepwater become mature and commercial, commer-
mining companies. cial investment processes and market rang- Source: Fábio Nascimento
For perennial technological develop- ing from TRL-8 to TRL-9. This evolutionary
ment, it is necessary to support research, logic and the synergy between the actors
development, and innovation, enabling the are illustrated in the figure below.

472 BLUE ECONOMY Innovative Technologies 473
Innovative Technologies 473