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buoys that transmit the data via satellite measurement), the collection of garbage Shadman et al. (2019) presented a for testing concepts and prototypes on a
and cost over a hundred thousand dollars already released and the acquisition of data global overview of existing technologies full scale in the marine environment, along
each. In addition to these costs, the launch, in both the water column and the seabed that seek the use of renewable energies, the lines of the European Marine Energy
maintenance, and recovery operations of to help understand the dynamics of these focusing predominantly on waves, tides, Center – EMEC. This open-air laboratory,
these measurement platforms require large problems (R&D). marine currents and salinity or temperature funded by the European Union, was in-
and expensive vessels. This same need for As the concern about the levels of gar- gradients, for the generation of electric stalled in 2003 in the Orkney Islands in the
measuring SST, in the case of a fish pro- bage, especially plastics, in the oceans is energy and in some cases of fresh water. north of the United Kingdom. It functions
duction farm, can be done with a system recent, there are still major technological When mentioning that 80% of the Bra- as an infrastructure provider for the demon-
with a value in the range of one hundred challenges to be overcome. For example, zilian population lives near the coast, they stration, testing, and validation of results of
dollars, which with data transmission by te- the automatic identification, by image, of stated that there are no in-depth studies in wave and tidal energy converters directly at
lephony or radio, and whose maintenance small islands of garbage is still not trivial, the country on the use of ocean energy and full scale at sea. In addition to functioning
of its operation is practically null, as there and the detection and qualification of nano its conversion into electricity. Throughout the as an infrastructure support for developers,
are already other demands from the team plastics in situ is an even greater difficulty. work, they present the energy potential of it acts as a promoter of best practices for its
at the production nurseries. Currently, it is necessary to collect samples these sources in Brazil and emphasize that area, as can be seen through the publica-
The articulation in the understand- to define the type of plastic (polyester, poly- there is still much to be done for the cost of tion Guidelines for project development in
ing of the national needs in meteorolog- propylene, etc.) and its quantity in the en- these energies to be competitive in relation the marine energy industry (2009).
ical-oceanographic measurements, in the vironment. The qualification of the type of to traditional energy sources and solar and Going beyond the oceanic activities al-
understanding of their peculiarities and in plastic still requires analysis in very expen- wind generated on land. The alternative, to- ready mentioned, there is a great potential
the promotion of technological develop- sive laboratory equipment. Quantifying and day, in addition to the development of more still unexplored related to underwater min-
ment and innovation will enable the con- qualifying nano plastics in situ is still a prom- optimized projects, is to seek new markets ing activity, which consists in the collection
solidation of a production chain that oper- ise, as there is no instrument that can identi- where the options for generating electricity of metallic polymineral nodules abundant
ates with quality services and products at fy a particle as plastic and that performs this are scarce or expensive, such as for the oil in the sea floor, in certain locations. This
competitive prices for the market. mission without significantly altering the and gas industry, aquaculture, defense and is a controversial issue especially in relation
National technological development for flow (water flow) around it, which compro- electricity and freshwater demands by isolat- to the marine environmental impact, some
the Blue Economy must provide solutions to mises the quality of the measurement. ed communities, such as on oceanic islands. scientists argue that the impact on the
the urgency of minimizing the existence of Other groups of technologies deserve to These authors, when presenting the ocean would be very strong to the point
garbage in the sea, especially plastics that in be highlighted, such as the generation of re- concepts adopted for the conversion of of destabilizing entire ecosystems, while
the forms of micro and nano plastics already newable energy at sea, which is so important energy from the sea, describe that, world- others advocate that the impacts of min-
reach the human food chain (TOUSSAINT et for the diversification of the Brazilian energy wide, almost all technologies are still in the ing in deep water would be much smaller
al., 2019). These works must be synchronized matrix. As an example, the necessary consol- prototype development and testing phase, than the mining activity on the continents
with the tools of the Circular Economy linked idation of offshore wind generation, which requiring a strong local supply chain con- as we know it today. In parallel with the
to the sea. This waste impacts the activities has technologies already dominated by the nected to the international market. necessary discussions about the environ-
of several economic sectors, notably fishing world, the country already has expertise in As in other areas of Ocean Technology, mental impact of mining activities, on land
and aquaculture, tourism and recreation and the installation and operation of offshore renewables for the sea require the adop- or at sea, there is a growing demand from
navigation (TEN BRINK et al., 2016). projects (HERNANDEZ et al., 2021) and the tion of tariff and financial subsidy policies society for specific metals related to the
Solutions must be sought for the dis- Brazilian energy potential, which is 176 GW to encourage scientific and technological transition from energy sources of fossil or-
semination of ecological barriers, the map- for ventures up to 20 m bottom depth, reach- research and development. There is also a igin to clean energies, the so-called green
ping of garbage pockets with the model- ing 606 GW up to 100 m, which is much need for strategic actions in the formation metals, which are the metals necessary for
ing of their path from the dump source higher than the continental one of 146 GW of multidisciplinary groups for develop- the inevitable electrification of energy sys-

(using satellite images, drones and in situ (ORTIZ AND KAMPEL, 2011). ments with the support of an infrastructure tems. Lithium, cobalt, copper, and nickel,

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