Page 740 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

(generally made of polyamide or polyes- unrolled) during the longline launch pro-
ter) suspended by buoys and submerged cess (UHRIN et al., 2020). It is most often Figure 4. Passive fishing using drift line (above) and bottom line (below),
buoys and hooks highlighted
by lead weights, maintaining neutral used in oceanic areas but is also used in
buoyancy, this apparatus is detached (or Exclusive Economic Zones (FAO, 2022).

Table 1. Fishing gear, frequency of records, apparent fishing effort (hours) minimum,
maximum, average, standard deviation (SD), sum for records generated by PREPS
and number of vessels for the different Brazilian industrial fleets.

Fishing Gear N Mínimum Maximum Average DP Sum Vessels
Door Drag 107,047 0.000001 164.6 6.62 9.12 708,355 361
Corso 153 0.000009 21.84 4.96 5.24 759 3
Drift longline 79,194 0.000001 38.8 2.85 3.53 225,444 68
Hand line 15,314 0.000001 42.03 5.23 5.97 80,144 43
Drift bottom longline 34,848 0.000001 119.31 6.78 8.49 236,384 71
Background gill net 406 0.000001 26.47 4.05 4.92 1,643 5
Surface gill net 58 0.000573 23.82 6.97 7.08 404 1
Siege net 3,057 0.000001 30.36 3.44 4.21 10,514 40
Live bait rod 4,481 0.000001 34.49 4.52 5.05 20,258 5

Total 244,558 1,283,905 597
Source: Authors based on Global Fishing Watch (2022)

The pelagic drift longline is used for pe- The interpolation of the records generated Figure 5. Illustration of a longline drift vessel
lagic fish species. The most common spe- for the apparent fishing effort of the PREPS,
cies in catches in the Western Atlantic are for the Brazilian fleet operating with longline
slab yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), drift in the Brazilian EEZ and the adjacent in-
mandolin yellowfin (Thunnus obesus), ternational oceanic region, resulted in the
white yellowfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga), highest efforts and frequency of vessels in the
and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus). EEZ areas in the southern region of Brazil. , in
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is an important Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, in the south
species in longline fleet captures, as well of Bahia, in the center of Trindade Island, in
as blue shark (Prionace glauca) and some the oceanic region in the extreme northeast
species of the genus Carcharhinus. Sailfish of the Brazilian EEZ and oceanic region, in the
(Istiophorus albicans) and Green Sailfish vicinity of the São Pedro and São Paulo Ar-
(Tetrapturus pfluegeri) are eventually cap- chipelago and towards the west in the inter-
tured. Dorado (Coryphaena hippurus) and national oceanic region (Figure 6). This fleet
Mackerel (Acanthocybium solandri) are less represented 32.4% of the records of vessels
frequent species in catches. Hooks can vary tracked by PREPS between 2013 and 2021.
in shape and size, and are used at different In these vessels there is a small winch
depths (GARCÍA-BARCELONA et al., 2016; with a pulley that helps to launch and re-
UHRIN et al., 2020). trieve the longline at one of its ends. Source: Cochrane & Garcia, 2009

738 BLUE ECONOMY Fishing Exploitationin in the Brazilian Economic Zone 739
Fishing Exploitation in the Brazilian Economic Zone 739