Page 743 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

2.2. the bottom longline The main species associated with these Figure 6. Interpolation of fishing effort (hours) for the Brazilian fleet
fisheries in southeastern and southern (grouping the years 2013 to 2021) that operates with longline
The Drift Line is not used in the cap- Brazil are the potatofish (Lopholatilus vil- drift in the entire Brazilian EEZ and international oceanic region
ture of demersal and benthic fish, the larii), the grouper (Epinephelus niveatus 55 0’0 W 50 0’0 W 45 0’0 W 40 0’0 W 35 0’0 W 30 0’0 W 25 0’0 W 20 0’0 W
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bottom line (Figure 4) is the technique and Polyprion americanus) and the boni-
used to capture these species with hooks to (Pseudoper cisnumida). Species such as
(FAO, 2022). This equipment follows the the deep-sea hake (previously used almost 10 0’0’’N 10 0’0’’N
o
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same structure as an Espinhel, a longline exclusively as bait), the catfish (Genidens
drift with hooks sequentially connected barbus), the croaker, the pink conger (Ge-
to a main multifilament rope where the nypterus brasiliensis) and the sweet-billed 5 0’0’’N 5 0’0’’N
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hooks are attached, using the same type dogfish (Heptranchias perlo) are also ex-
of vessel (Figure 5), and they also have the ploited (VALENTIN and PEZZUTO, 2006).
premise of attracting fish from baits at- The Brazilian industrial and semi-industri- 0 0’0’’ 0 0’0’’
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tached to the hooks (FADER et al., 2021). al fleet that operates with bottom longline
The difference is that the bottom Espinhel operated between 2013 and 2021 predom-
has large buoys only at its ends, having inantly in the southern regions and in the 5 0’0’’S 5 0’0’’S
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small buoys and lead throughout the main states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in
filament, making them always very close the Southeast. The greatest fishing efforts
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or touching the bottom (FAO, 2022). The are found in areas up to 100 km from the 10 0’0’’S 10 0’0’’S
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Bottom Longline is aimed at species of the coast, which have depths of approximately
Serranidae family (riggedgroupers and 100 m. From these areas, the fishing effort Atlantic
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grouper), the elasmobranchs (Sharks and is lower, although operations take place up 15 0’0’’S Ocean 15 0’0’’S
rays), the Lutjanidae family (red), the Ca- to 2,000 m depth, at distances of approx-
rangidae family (Xareús and Arabaianas) imately 200 km from the coast (Figure 7). o o
and Sparidae (Pargos) (ECHWIKHI et al. This fleet represented 32.4% of the records 20 0’0’’N 20 0’0’’N
al., 2014; PINHO et al., 2020). of vessels tracked by PREPS in the period.
25 0’0’’S 25 0’0’’S
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30 0’0’’N 30 0’0’’N
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Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Fishing effort (hours)
Value
35 0’0’’S High : 3138,27 35 0’0’’S
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Low : 0,01
40 0’0’’S 40 0’0’’S
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55 0’0 W 50 0’0 W 45 0’0 W 40 0’0 W 35 0’0 W 30 0’0 W 25 0’0 W 20 0’0 W
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0 310 620 1.240 1.860 2.480 3.100
Kilometers
Source: Authors based on Global Fishing Watch (2022)
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