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Table 1. Summary of studies on the economy directly and indirectly related to the sea                             2010 data for more sectors of the maritime   (GREALIS et al., 2015); (iv) possible use for
                         Fonte
                        Fonte
                                           Metodologia Metodologia Metodologia
                                          Metodologia
               Fonte
              País(ano)
                Fonte
               País(ano)
                                                                          Indicadores
                                                                    Estudo
                                                                                Indicadores  Indicadores Indicadores
                                                                               Indicadores
                                                                   Estudo Estudo
                                                     Metodologia Estudo
                                                    Estudo
                                                                                         Indicadores
                                                         Estudo
    País(ano)
 País(ano)  País(ano) Fonte País(ano) País(ano)   Fonte Fonte   Metodologia   Metodologia   Estudo    Indicators   Indicadores   economy (GREALIS et al., 2015); (iii) exten-  the assessment of impacts arising from the
               Country (year) Source
                                                         Study
                                           Methodology
                                          System of National
                                           System of National
                                                                                         PIB; Ocupações; Impostos; PIB; Ocupações; Impostos;
                        Global Ocean Accounts
                                                         Global Ocean Accounts
                                                          Global Ocean Accounts
                                                                                         PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
                         Global Ocean Accounts
                                                                    Global Ocean Accounts PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
                                                                   Global Ocean Accounts
                                                     System of National
 Global   Global   Global   Global Ocean Accounts  System of National   Sistema de Contas   Global Ocean Accounts  PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;   sion of the model to incorporate the assess-  Irish integrated maritime planning update.
              Global Global Ocean Accounts
     Global  Global Ocean Accounts Global Ocean Accounts Global
                                                    Global Ocean Accounts Global Ocean Accounts Sistema de Contas
                                                                          PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
                                                                                        PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
                                                    System of National
               Global Global Ocean Accounts
          Partnership (GOAP)   Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP)   Accounts; SEEA EEA   Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP)  subsidies; Value of the   ment of economic impacts of greenhouse   Figure 1 describes the generic IO BIO model,
               Partnership (GOAP)
                Partnership (GOAP)
                                                                          subsidies; Value of the  Subsídios; Valor do ecossistema; Subsídios; Valor do ecossistema;
                                                                                        subsidies; Value of the
                        Partnership (GOAP)
                                                                    Partnership (GOAP) subsidies; Value of the
                         Partnership (GOAP)  Accounts; SEEA EEA
                                                                                         subsidies; Value of the
                                                     Accounts; SEEA EEA  Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP)
                                           Accounts; SEEA EEA
                                                    Partnership (GOAP)
                                                    Nacionais; SEEA EEA Nacionais; SEEA EEA
                                                    Accounts; SEEA EEA
                                      Ecosystem Accounting Ecosystem Ecosystem   environment; among others
                                          Ecosystem Accounting
                                           Ecosystem Accounting
                                                                                        environment; among others
                                                                                         entre outros entre outros
                                                     Ecosystem Accounting
                                                                                environment; among others
                                                                                         environment; among others
                                                    Ecosystem Accounting
                                                                               environment; among others
                                                     Satellite Accounts*
                                           Satellite Accounts*
                                                    Satellite Accounts*
                                      Satellite Accounts*  Accounting Accounting                                                 gas emissions from  marine fisheries (TSA-  which can be used to simulate public poli-
                                          Satellite Accounts*
                                                                                VAB (GAV); Occupations;
     Global (2016) OECD Structural Analysis  Análise Estrutural da OCDE Global (2016)  Análise Estrutural da OCDE
                                                                               VAB (GAV); Occupations;
                                                    OCDE
                OECD Structural Analysis
                                                          OCDE
    Global (2016)  Global (2016)
               Global (2016)  OECD Structural Analysis
                                                         OCDE
 Global (2016)   Global (2016) OECD Structural Analysis   Conta Satélite* Conta Satélite*   OCDE   VAB (GAV); Occupations;  VAB; Ocupações; entre outros VAB; Ocupações; entre outros   KIRIDIS et al., 2020); (iv) impact on produc-  cy impacts, or to calculate the investment
                                                                    OCDE
                                                                                        VAB (GAV); Occupations;
                        OECD Structural Analysis
                                                                   OCDE OCDE
                                                                                         VAB (GAV); Occupations;
                                                                                among others
                        (STAN); OECD National
                    OECD National
                                                                               among others
                         (STAN); OECD National
                (STAN); OECD National
          (STAN);  (STAN); OECD National (STAN); Contas Nacionais da (STAN); Contas Nacionais da   among others       among others    tion and employment arising from national   multiplier  derived from  a new technology
                                                                                         among others
                Account
                         Account
                        Account
          Account Account  OCDE OCDE
               United
              United
 United   United   Reino Unido Reino Unido   Office for National Statistcs; Uk Office for National Statistcs; Uk   SEEA EEA Ecosystem   Grilli et al. et al.   Extended Ecosystem Accounts   public policies that encompass ocean assets   (O’DONOUGUE et al., 2021).
                                                                                Extended Ecosystem Accounts
                                      SEEA EEA Ecosystem  SEEA EEA Ecosystem SEEA EEA Ecosystem
                                                                                         Contas estendidas do ecossistema Contas estendidas do ecossistema
                                                                    Grilli et al. Extended Ecosystem Accounts
                                                                                        Extended Ecosystem Accounts
                                                     SEEA EEA Ecosystem  Grilli et al. Grilli et al. Grilli et al.
     United  s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk
                                                                   Grilli
                        s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk  SEEA EEA Ecosystem
                s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk of National Statistcs; Uk
                                                                                         Extended Ecosystem Accounts
                                                    Grilli
                         s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk  SEEA EEA Ecosystem et al.
               s   Office
     Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts Environmental Accounts
              Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts  Accounting; System
                                                    Accounting; Sistema Accounting; Sistema
                                                                                (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
                                                                                         (habitats); Contas de condição do (habitats); Contas de condição do
    Kingdom (2021) (2021) (2021)
                                           Accounting; System
               Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts
                                                                                         (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
                                                                                        (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
                                                                               (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
                                                    Accounting; System
 Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts  Environmental Accounts Environmental Accounts   Accounting; System   (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
                                                     Accounting; System
                                                     of National
                                          of National
                                                                                         accounts (quality); Ecosystem
                                      of National   of National           accounts (quality); Ecosystem
                                                                               accounts (quality); Ecosystem
                                                                                accounts (quality); Ecosystem
                                                                                        accounts (quality); Ecosystem
                                                                                         ecossistema (qualidade); Serviços ecossistema (qualidade); Serviços
                                           of National  de Contas Nacionais de Contas Nacionais
                                                                               services (physical and monetary
                                                     Accounts
                                      Accounts  Accounts   Accounts       services (physical and monetary                                            Figure 1. Structure of the IO BIO Model
                                                                                services (physical and monetary
                                                                                         services (physical and monetary
                                                                                        services (physical and monetary
                                          Accounts
                                                                                         ecossistêmicos (quantificação ecossistêmicos (quantificação
                                                                               quantification) Service Provision
                                                                                quantification) Service Provision
                                                                                         quantification) Service Provision
                                                                                        quantification) Service Provision
                                                                          quantification) Service Provision
                                                                                         física e monetária) Provisão de física e monetária) Provisão de
                                                                                         (regulation, culture, abiotic
                                                                               (regulation, culture, abiotic
                                                                          (regulation, culture, abiotic                                                     Dairy            Dairy
                                                                                (regulation, culture, abiotic
                                                                                        (regulation, culture, abiotic
                                                                                         Serviços (regulação, cultura, Serviços (regulação, cultura,

                                                                                         services)
                                                                          services) services)    services)                                                                  Processing
                                                                                services)
                                                                                         serviços abióticos)  serviços abióticos)
                        National System Accounts;
               EUA (2018) National System Accounts;
                                                     Satellite Accounts
 EUA (2018)   EUA (2018) EUA (2018)   National System Accounts; National System Accounts;   Satellite Accounts    Bureau Economic Analysis   PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB        Cattle
     EUA (2018) National System Accounts;
              EUA (2018) National System Accounts;
    EUA (2018)
                         National System Accounts;  Satellite Accounts Satellite Accounts
                                                                   Bureau Economic Analysis
                                                                                         PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
                                                                                        PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
                                                    Satellite Accounts Bureau Economic Analysis  PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
                                                                                PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
                                                                    Bureau Economic Analysis
                                                    Bureau Economic Analysis  Bureau Economic Analysis Conta Satélite
                                                    Conta Satélite
                                                                                         PIB; VBP; VAB; Ocupações; PIB; VBP; VAB; Ocupações;
                                                                   Bureau Economic Analysis
                         North American Industry

                                                                   (BEA) e National Oceanic
                                                                                         (GAV); Occupations; Payments
                North American Industry
               North American Industry
                                                                    (BEA) e National Oceanic
                                                                                (GAV); Occupations; Payments
                                                                               (GAV); Occupations; Payments
                                                         (BEA) e National Oceanic
                                                          (BEA) e National Oceanic (GAV); Occupations; Payments


                        North American Industry
                                                                                         Remunerações Remunerações
          North American Industry  North American Industry North American Industry   (BEA) e National Oceanic  (BEA) e National Oceanic (BEA) e National Oceanic   (GAV); Occupations; Payments    Novel  Cattle    Processing
                        Classification System (NAICS)
                                                                    and Atmospheric
                Classification System (NAICS)
          Classification System (NAICS)             and Atmospheric   and Atmospheric                                                                                                             Consumer
                                                          and Atmospheric
                         Classification System (NAICS)
               Classification System (NAICS)
                                                         and Atmospheric  and Atmospheric and Atmospheric
                        Classification System (NAICS) Classification System (NAICS)
                                                                   Administration (NOAA)
                                                          Administration (NOAA)
                                                         Administration (NOAA)
                                                                    Administration (NOAA)
                                                    Administration (NOAA)  Administration (NOAA) Administration (NOAA)              Tech/Practice           Crops         Animal Food
              National Accounts; Census of
                                                                                            (GAV)
      land (2016)
                                                                                VAB (GAV); Occupations
                                                         Vega e Hynes
    Ire
                                          Input-Output
               National Accounts; Census of
              Ireland (2016)  National Accounts; Census of
 Ireland (2016)  National Accounts; Census of   Input-Output   Input-Output Vega e Hynes    Vega e Hynes    VAB  (GAV) ;  Occupations      ;  Occupations       1         Bakery Products
                                                                                        VAB
                                                                                         VAB (GAV); Occupations
                                                     Input-Output Vega e Hynes   Vega e Hynes  Vega e Hynes
                                                    Modelo Insumo-
     Ireland (2016)  Irlanda (2016)  National Accounts; Census of Irlanda (2016)
                                                                    Vega e Hynes  VAB (GAV); Occupations  VAB; Ocupações VAB; Ocupações
               Ireland (2016)  National Accounts; Census of  Input-Output  Modelo Insumo-National Accounts; Census of
         Industrial Production; Annual   Model  Model  Model                                                                                                                                      Employment
                        Industrial Production; Annual
               Industrial Production; Annual
                         Industrial Production; Annual  Model
              Industrial Production; Annual
                                                     Model
                        Industrial Production; Annual Industrial Production; Annual
                                                    Produto Produto
                        Services Inquiry; Building and
                         Services Inquiry; Building and
              Services Inquiry; Building and
               Services Inquiry; Building and
         Services Inquiry; Building and                                                                                                                       .
                        Services Inquiry; Building and
                        Services Inquiry; Building and
                        Construction Inquiry; Business
         Construction Inquiry; Business
               Construction Inquiry; Business
              Construction Inquiry; Business
                         Construction Inquiry; Business
                        Construction Inquiry; Business
                        Construction Inquiry; Business
               Register
         Register  Register   Register Register                                                                                                              .
                         Register
                        Register
                                                     Input-Output
 Brazil (2015)  il (2015)   Brazil (2015) System of National Accounts  Input-Output   Input-Output   Carvalho; Carvalho PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP                          CO 2
          System of National Accounts
                           ;
                                                                    Carvalho; Carvalho  PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP
                                                                                         PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP
                                                                                        PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP
               Brazil (2015)  System of National Accounts; System of National Accounts; ;
      z
    Bra
                                                          Carvalho; Carvalho
                                                         Carvalho; Carvalho
                         System of National Accounts;  Input-Output  Carvalho; Carvalho
                                                                                         PIB; VAB; VBP; Remunerações; PIB; VAB; VBP; Remunerações;
                                                                   Carvalho; Carvalho e Carvalho; Carvalho e
     Brazil (2015)  Brasil (2015) Brasil (2015)
                        Sistema de Contas Nacionais; Sistema de Contas Nacionais;
                                          Input-Output  Modelo Insumo-Modelo Insumo-
                         Code of Business Activity   Model
                Code of Business Activity

                                                     Model and Moraes and Moraes

                        Code of Business Activity
                                                                                        (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
                                                                                (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
                                                                                         (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
               Code of Business Activity
                                      Model
                                                    and Moraes
                                                                   Moraes Moraes
          Code of Business Activity   Classificação Nacional das Classificação Nacional das   Model  Model  and Moraes   (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
                                                    Produto Produto
                                                                    and Moraes  (GPV); Payments; Taxes;  Impostos; Exportações; Impostos; Exportações;
                (CNAE)
                                                                                        Exports; Imports; Occupations,
                         (CNAE)
                        (CNAE)
                                                                                Exports; Imports; Occupations,
          (CNAE)  (CNAE)   Atividades Econômicas (CNAE)                   Exports; Imports; Occupations,
                                                                                         Exports; Imports; Occupations,
                                                                               Exports; Imports; Occupations,
                                                                                         Importações; Ocupações, entre Importações; Ocupações, entre
                        Atividades Econômicas (CNAE)
                                                                          among others.  among others.                                                     Forestry         Energy                Nutrition
                                                                                         among others.
                                                                               among others.
                                                                                among others. outros. outros.
                                                    Zhao
     China (2010) Chinese National Accounts;
                                                                                VAB (GAV); Occupations
               China (2010)  Chinese National Accounts; Input-Output
                Chinese National Accounts;
                                                        et al
                                                     Input-Output Zhao et al.
                                                                                        VAB (GAV); Occupations
                                                          .
                                                                                         VAB (GAV); Occupations
 China (2010)   China (2010) Chinese National Accounts;   Input-Output   Input-Output   et al .   Zhao  et al .   VAB (GAV); Occupations  Strategy
                                                         Zhao
    China (2010)  China (2010) China (2010)
                                                                   Zhao et al.
                                                                   Zhao
                         Chinese National Accounts;  Input-Output  Matriz Insumo-Matriz Insumo-
                                                                    Zhao et al.  VAB (GAV); Occupations VAB; Ocupações et al.
                        Chinese National Accounts; Chinese National Accounts;
                                                                                         VAB; Ocupações
                        Classification and Code  Matrix
                Classification and Code
                         Classification and Code
                                                     Matrix
                                           Matrix
               Classification and Code
          Classification and Code  Classification and Code Classification and Code   Matrix  Matrix
                                                    Produto Produto
                         National Economy
            National Economy
                   National Economy
                        National Economy
                 National Economy
                        Standard of National Economy
          Standard of National Economy                                                                                                                                    Wood Products
                         Standard of National Economy
               Standard of National Economy
                Standard of National Economy
                        Standard of National Economy
                        Standard of National Economy
                         Industry
            Industry
                 Industry
                        Industry
                   Industry
                         Industry
          Industry  Industry   National Economy
                Industry
                        Industry
                        Industry Industry
                                                                 Jiang et al.
                                                                                      PIB; Capital; Ocupações
        China (2000-
                                            Constant
                                                                               PIB (GDP); Capital;
                                                  Elasticidade  Jiang et al. et al.
               China (2000- Annual Chinese Annual Chinese Annual Chinese
                                                                                PIB (GDP); Capital;
                                                    Jiang et al.
              China (2000-
  China (2000-  Annual Chinese   Annual Chinese   Constant  Constant    Constant   Jiang   Jiang et al.   PIB (GDP); Capital;  PIB (GDP); Capital;
       China (2000-
                     Industry
                                                                                PIB (GDP); Capital;
              China (2000-
               China (2000- Annual Chinese Yearbook; Annual Chinese Yearbook;
                                                                                        PIB (GDP); Capital;
                                                    Constant Elasticity
                                                                               PIB (GDP); Capital;
                                                     Constant Elasticity . Jiang et al.
                                      Constant Elasticity
                                                                                         PIB (GDP); Capital;
                         Annual Chinese Yearbook;  Constant Elasticity  Jiang et al.
          Annual Chinese Yearbook;
                                           Constant Elasticity
                                                                    Jiang et al. PIB (GDP); Capital;
 China (2000- 2011)   2011)   Annual Chinese Yearbook; Annual Chinese Yearbook;   Elasticity of  Elasticity of   Jiang et al  Jiang  et al .   Occupations  Occupations  Seafood/Aqua  Seafood
     China (2000- Annual Chinese Yearbook;
                                                    Elasticidade Elasticidade
    China (2000- China (2000-China (2000-
                                                                   Jiang et al. et al.
                                                                   Jiang
                                                                                         PIB; Capital; Ocupações PIB; Capital; Ocupações
                                                  constante de
                                                                               Occupations
                        Yearbook; Annual
                                                                                Occupations
        2011)  Yearbook; Annual
                         Yearbook; Annual  Elasticity of
                                            Elasticity of
  2011)
               2011) Yearbook; Annual Yearbook; Annual
                     Annual Chinese
                                             Elasticidade
               Annual Marine Chinese
              2011) Annual Marine Chinese
                                                     of Substitution
               2011)
                                                                                        Occupations
                                                                                Occupations

 2011)   2011)   China (2000- Marine Chinese   Substitution (CES)   Substitution (CES)   Jiang et al.   Occupations   PIB; Capital; Ocupações              Culture         Processing
                        Annual Marine Chinese  of Substitution
                                                    of Substitution

                                                                                         Occupations
                                                                               Occupations
                                          of Substitution
                         Annual Marine Chinese
                                           of Substitution  constante de constante de
     2011)  Annual Marine Chinese  Annual Marine Chinese
              2011) 2011)
                        Annual Marine Chinese
                                                  substituição (CES)
                         Marine Chinese
            Marine Chinese
                                          Substitution
                   Marine Chinese
                        Marine Chinese
                                             constante de  (CES)
                                            Substitution (CES)
          2011)
                     Yearbook; Annual
                         Yearbook
               Yearbook
                        Yearbook
                                           (CES))
                                                     (CES))
          Yearbook  Yearbook   Yearbook   (CES))   (CES))   (CES))
                        Yearbook
                                                    substituição (CES) substituição (CES)
                         Yearbook
                   Yearbook
            Yearbook  Yearbook   Yearbook    substituição (CES)
                     Marine Chinese
                                                                                      VAB; Ocupações
                                                                 Morrissey e O’Donoghue VAB (GAV) ; VAB (GAV) ;
  Ireland (2007)     (2007)   Irish Central Statistics   Input-Output Modelo Insumo- Morrissey and O’Donoghue Morrissey and O’Donoghue VAB (GAV) ;   VAB (GAV) ;              Source: Adapted from O’Donougue et al., (2021)
                                                                Morrissey and O’Donoghue
               Irlanda (2007)  Irish Central Statistics  Input-Output
                                            Input-Output Morrissey and O’Donoghue
              Ireland (2007)  Irish Central Statistics
        land Irish Central Statistics
                                                 Input-Output
        Ireland (2007)  Irish Central Statistics
       Ire
                     Yearbook
                                                  Produto
                         Office; Census of industrial  Model
                   Office; Census of industrial
                                                                                Occupations
                                                                               Occupations
                                                                                     Occupations

                        Office; Census of industrial
                 Office; Census of industrial
            Office; Census of industrial
          Irlanda (2007)  Irish Central Statistics   Model  Model  Model  Morrissey e O’Donoghue  Occupations  VAB; Ocupações
                                             Modelo Insumo-
                         production; Annual
                 production; Annual
                   production; Annual
            production; Annual  production; Annual   Produto                                                                                                                  the extent and condition of ecosystems,
                     Office; Census of industrial
                         Services Inquiry; Census of
                 Services Inquiry;
                            Census
                     production; Annual
                        Services Inquiry; Census of
            Services Inquiry; Census of   of                                                                                        The SEEA-EA is an advancement of the
                   Services Inquiry; Census of
                         Building and Construction
            Building and Construction                                                                                            System of Environmental-Economic Ac-         evaluating ecosystem services and assets,
                        Building and Construction
                 Building and Construction
                   Building and Construction
                     Services Inquiry; Census of
                                   Tabela 1.  Síntese de estudos da economia relacionada direta e indiretamente ao mar.
                     Building and Construction
                 Adapted from Nicolls et al., (2021); Grilli et al., (2021); Carvalho and Moraes (2021); Carvalho (2018); Vega and   counting (SEEA), year 2012, enabling the   and linking this information to measures
                              Tabela 1.  Síntese de estudos da economia relacionada direta e indiretamente ao mar.
                                                                            2017)
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                                                               );
                                                                GOA
                                                                );

                                                                      ).

                                                                       ).
                                                                    P
                                                                    (s/a
                                                                     (s/a

                                                      ’
                                                     D
                                                      D
                                                      onoghue
                                                    e
                                                    O
                                                     O
                                                     ’
                                                            2013
                                                           (
                                                             2013
                                                             (
                                                       onoghue
                                        et al., (2014); Morrissey e O’Donoghue (2013); GOAP (s/a).
                                                       *Em construção à época.
                                          *Em construção à época.
                 Regarding the advances in models ded- *Em construção à época.*Em construção à época.*Em construção à época.     ables and the comparison with national ac-   cy demands and challenges with a focus
                                                        linking the ecosystem to economic activities.
                                                   *Em construção à época.
               icated to the economy of the sea, we high-  O’Donougue et al., (2021) elicidated the                              counts data. According to the UN (2021, p.   on making nature’s contributions to the
                                                                                                                                 1), it can be understood as:
               light: the Irish Bio-Economy Input-Output   applications of the BIO model and their re-                                                                        economy and people visible.
               (BIO model) , proposed based on a nation-  spective authors, based on national IPM                                    [...] an integrated spatial-based statistical
                         3
               al IO model; System of Environmental-Eco-  breakdowns: (i) breakdown of the seafood                                   framework for organizing biophysical in-  Thus, to date, the SEEA-EA takes into
               nomic Accounting – Ecosystem Account-    sector (VEGA; HYNES, 2014); (ii) updating                                    formation about ecosystems, measuring   account the following ecosystem perspec-
               ing (SEEA – EA) developing an accounting   and further disaggregating the model with                                  ecosystem services, tracking changes in   tives: (i) spatial: the number of ecosystems
     64   ECONOMIA AZUL                                                                                                                                                              Economy and the Sea: Methods and Indicators 65
     64   ECONOMIA AZUL
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