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Table 1. Summary of studies on the economy directly and indirectly related to the sea  2010 data for more sectors of the maritime   (GREALIS et al., 2015); (iv) possible use for
 Indicadores  Indicadores Indicadores
 Fonte
 País(ano)
 Estudo
 Estudo
 País(ano)
 País(ano)
 Fonte
 Indicadores
 Fonte
 Estudo
 Metodologia Metodologia Metodologia
 Indicadores
 Estudo
 Metodologia Estudo
 País(ano)  País(ano) Fonte País(ano) País(ano)   Fonte Fonte   Metodologia   Metodologia   Estudo Estudo    Indicators   Indicadores   economy (GREALIS et al., 2015); (iii) exten-  the assessment of impacts arising from the
 Indicadores
 Metodologia
 Fonte
 Study
 Country (year) Source
 Methodology
 Global Ocean Accounts Global Ocean Accounts Sistema de Contas
 PIB; Ocupações; Impostos; PIB; Ocupações; Impostos;
 Global Ocean Accounts PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
 System of National
 Global Ocean Accounts
 Global Global Ocean Accounts
 PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
 Global Ocean Accounts
 Global Ocean Accounts
 Sistema de Contas
 PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
 Global Ocean Accounts
 Global   Global   Global   Global Ocean Accounts  System of National   System of National   Global Ocean Accounts  PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;   sion of the model to incorporate the assess-  Irish integrated maritime planning update.
 Global Ocean Accounts
 System of National
 Global Global Ocean Accounts
 Global  Global Ocean Accounts Global Ocean Accounts Global
 PIB (GDP): occupations; Taxes;
 System of National
 Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP)
 Partnership (GOAP)  Accounts; SEEA EEA
 subsidies; Value of the  Subsídios; Valor do ecossistema; Subsídios; Valor do ecossistema;
 Partnership (GOAP)
 Accounts; SEEA EEA
 Nacionais; SEEA EEA Nacionais; SEEA EEA
 Partnership (GOAP)
 Partnership (GOAP) subsidies; Value of the
 Accounts; SEEA EEA  Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP)
 subsidies; Value of the
 Partnership (GOAP)   Partnership (GOAP)   Accounts; SEEA EEA   Partnership (GOAP) Partnership (GOAP)  subsidies; Value of the   ment of economic impacts of greenhouse   Figure 1 describes the generic IO BIO model,
 subsidies; Value of the
 Partnership (GOAP)
 Accounts; SEEA EEA
 Ecosystem Accounting
 Ecosystem Accounting Ecosystem Ecosystem   environment; among others
 environment; among others
 entre outros entre outros
 environment; among others
 environment; among others
 Ecosystem Accounting
 Ecosystem Accounting
 environment; among others
 Ecosystem Accounting
 Satellite Accounts*
 Satellite Accounts*
 Accounting Accounting
 Satellite Accounts*
 Satellite Accounts*  Satellite Accounts*  gas emissions from  marine fisheries (TSA-  which can be used to simulate public poli-
 OCDE
 VAB (GAV); Occupations;
 OCDE
 OCDE
 Global (2016)   Global (2016) OECD Structural Analysis   Conta Satélite* Conta Satélite*   OCDE OCDE   VAB (GAV); Occupations;  VAB; Ocupações; entre outros VAB; Ocupações; entre outros   KIRIDIS et al., 2020); (iv) impact on produc-  cy impacts, or to calculate the investment
 VAB (GAV); Occupations;
 Global (2016)  Global (2016)
 VAB (GAV); Occupations;
 OCDE
 OCDE
 OECD Structural Analysis
 Global (2016) OECD Structural Analysis  Análise Estrutural da OCDE Global (2016)  Análise Estrutural da OCDE
 Global (2016)  OECD Structural Analysis
 VAB (GAV); Occupations;
 OECD Structural Analysis
 (STAN); OECD National
 among others
 among others
 among others
 (STAN); OECD National
 (STAN); OECD National
 OECD National
 (STAN);  (STAN); OECD National (STAN); Contas Nacionais da (STAN); Contas Nacionais da   among others       among others    tion and employment arising from national   multiplier  derived from  a new technology
 Account
 Account
 Account Account  Account
 OCDE OCDE
 United
 United
 United   United   Reino Unido Reino Unido   s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk  SEEA EEA Ecosystem   Grilli et al. et al.   Extended Ecosystem Accounts   public policies that encompass ocean assets   (O’DONOUGUE et al., 2021).
 Extended Ecosystem Accounts
 Contas estendidas do ecossistema Contas estendidas do ecossistema
 s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk  SEEA EEA Ecosystem et al.
 Office for National Statistcs; Uk Office for National Statistcs; Uk
 SEEA EEA Ecosystem  SEEA EEA Ecosystem SEEA EEA Ecosystem
 Grilli
 Grilli
 SEEA EEA Ecosystem
 Extended Ecosystem Accounts
 Extended Ecosystem Accounts
 SEEA EEA Ecosystem  Grilli et al. Grilli et al. Grilli et al.
 s   Office
 s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk of National Statistcs; Uk
 Grilli et al. Extended Ecosystem Accounts
 United  s   Office of National Statistcs; Uk
 Kingdom (2021) (2021) (2021)
 Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts  Environmental Accounts Environmental Accounts   Accounting; System   (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
 (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
 (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
 Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts  Accounting; System
 (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
 Accounting; System
 (Habitats); Ecosystem condition
 (habitats); Contas de condição do (habitats); Contas de condição do
 Accounting; System
 Accounting; Sistema Accounting; Sistema
 Accounting; System
 Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts
 Kingdom (2021)  Environmental Accounts Environmental Accounts
 accounts (quality); Ecosystem
 of National   of National   accounts (quality); Ecosystem
 of National
 accounts (quality); Ecosystem
 accounts (quality); Ecosystem
 accounts (quality); Ecosystem
 of National
 of National  de Contas Nacionais de Contas Nacionais
 ecossistema (qualidade); Serviços ecossistema (qualidade); Serviços
 services (physical and monetary
 Accounts
 services (physical and monetary
 Accounts
 services (physical and monetary
 services (physical and monetary
 Accounts  Accounts   Accounts   services (physical and monetary   Figure 1. Structure of the IO BIO Model
 ecossistêmicos (quantificação ecossistêmicos (quantificação
 quantification) Service Provision
 quantification) Service Provision
 quantification) Service Provision
 quantification) Service Provision
 quantification) Service Provision
 física e monetária) Provisão de física e monetária) Provisão de
 (regulation, culture, abiotic
 (regulation, culture, abiotic
 (regulation, culture, abiotic
 (regulation, culture, abiotic
 (regulation, culture, abiotic                Dairy           Dairy
 Serviços (regulação, cultura, Serviços (regulação, cultura,

 services)
 services)
 services) services)    services)                            Processing
 serviços abióticos)  serviços abióticos)
 PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
 EUA (2018)   EUA (2018) EUA (2018)   National System Accounts;   Satellite Accounts    Bureau Economic Analysis   PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB   Cattle
 EUA (2018) National System Accounts;
 PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
 EUA (2018) National System Accounts;
 Bureau Economic Analysis
 EUA (2018)
 PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
 EUA (2018) National System Accounts;
 National System Accounts;  Satellite Accounts Satellite Accounts
 Satellite Accounts
 Satellite Accounts Bureau Economic Analysis  PIB (GDP); VBP (GPV); VAB
 Bureau Economic Analysis
 Conta Satélite
 Bureau Economic Analysis  Bureau Economic Analysis Conta Satélite
 National System Accounts; National System Accounts;
 PIB; VBP; VAB; Ocupações; PIB; VBP; VAB; Ocupações;
 Bureau Economic Analysis
 North American Industry

 North American Industry
 North American Industry
 (GAV); Occupations; Payments
 (BEA) e National Oceanic
 (BEA) e National Oceanic (GAV); Occupations; Payments
 North American Industry

 (BEA) e National Oceanic
 (BEA) e National Oceanic

 (GAV); Occupations; Payments
 (GAV); Occupations; Payments
 Remunerações Remunerações
 North American Industry  North American Industry North American Industry   (BEA) e National Oceanic  (BEA) e National Oceanic (BEA) e National Oceanic   (GAV); Occupations; Payments    Novel  Cattle    Processing
 Classification System (NAICS)
 Classification System (NAICS)
 Classification System (NAICS)
 and Atmospheric
 Classification System (NAICS)
 Classification System (NAICS)   and Atmospheric   and Atmospheric                  Consumer
 and Atmospheric
 Classification System (NAICS) Classification System (NAICS)
 and Atmospheric  and Atmospheric and Atmospheric
 Administration (NOAA)
 Administration (NOAA)
 Administration (NOAA)
 Administration (NOAA)
 Administration (NOAA)  Administration (NOAA) Administration (NOAA)   Tech/Practice  Crops    Animal Food
  (GAV)
 VAB (GAV); Occupations
 VAB
 Vega e Hynes
 Input-Output
 VAB (GAV); Occupations
 Ireland (2016)  National Accounts; Census of   Input-Output   Input-Output Vega e Hynes    Vega e Hynes    VAB  (GAV) ;  Occupations      ;  Occupations    1  Bakery Products
 land (2016)
 Ire
 Ireland (2016)  National Accounts; Census of
 National Accounts; Census of
 National Accounts; Census of
 Input-Output Vega e Hynes   Vega e Hynes  Vega e Hynes
 Ireland (2016)  National Accounts; Census of  Input-Output  Modelo Insumo-National Accounts; Census of
 Ireland (2016)  Irlanda (2016)  National Accounts; Census of Irlanda (2016)
 Vega e Hynes  VAB (GAV); Occupations  VAB; Ocupações VAB; Ocupações
 Modelo Insumo-
 Industrial Production; Annual
 Industrial Production; Annual  Model
 Industrial Production; Annual   Model  Model  Model                               Employment
 Model
 Industrial Production; Annual
 Industrial Production; Annual
 Produto Produto
 Industrial Production; Annual Industrial Production; Annual
 Services Inquiry; Building and
 Services Inquiry; Building and
 Services Inquiry; Building and
 Services Inquiry; Building and                .
 Services Inquiry; Building and
 Services Inquiry; Building and
 Services Inquiry; Building and
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Construction Inquiry; Business
 Register  Register   Register                .
 Register
 Register
 Register Register
 Brazil (2015)  il (2015)   Brazil (2015) System of National Accounts  Input-Output   Input-Output   Carvalho; Carvalho PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP     CO 2
 PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP
 z
 Input-Output
 PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP
 ;
 Carvalho; Carvalho  PIB (GDP); VAB (GAV); VBP
 System of National Accounts
 Brazil (2015)  System of National Accounts; System of National Accounts; ;
 Carvalho; Carvalho
 System of National Accounts;  Input-Output  Carvalho; Carvalho
 Carvalho; Carvalho
 Bra
 PIB; VAB; VBP; Remunerações; PIB; VAB; VBP; Remunerações;
 Carvalho; Carvalho e Carvalho; Carvalho e
 Input-Output  Modelo Insumo-Modelo Insumo-
 Brazil (2015)  Brasil (2015) Brasil (2015)
 Sistema de Contas Nacionais; Sistema de Contas Nacionais;


 and Moraes
 Code of Business Activity
 Model
 (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
 Code of Business Activity
 Model and Moraes and Moraes
 (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
 Code of Business Activity   Model
 Code of Business Activity
 (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
 Moraes Moraes
 Produto Produto
 Code of Business Activity   Classificação Nacional das Classificação Nacional das   Model  Model  and Moraes   (GPV); Payments; Taxes;
 and Moraes  (GPV); Payments; Taxes;  Impostos; Exportações; Impostos; Exportações;
 Exports; Imports; Occupations,
 Exports; Imports; Occupations,
 (CNAE)
 Exports; Imports; Occupations,
 Exports; Imports; Occupations,
 (CNAE)
 (CNAE)  (CNAE)   (CNAE)   Exports; Imports; Occupations,
 Importações; Ocupações, entre Importações; Ocupações, entre
 Atividades Econômicas (CNAE)
 Atividades Econômicas (CNAE)
 among others.  among others.               Forestry          Energy               Nutrition
 among others.
 among others.
 among others. outros. outros.
 China (2010) Chinese National Accounts;
 China (2010)   China (2010) Chinese National Accounts;   Input-Output   Input-Output   et al .   Zhao  et al .   VAB (GAV); Occupations  Strategy
 VAB (GAV); Occupations
 Input-Output Zhao et al.
 .
 Zhao
 VAB (GAV); Occupations
 VAB (GAV); Occupations
 Chinese National Accounts;
 China (2010)  Chinese National Accounts; Input-Output
 et al
 Zhao
 Chinese National Accounts;  Input-Output  Matriz Insumo-Matriz Insumo-
 Chinese National Accounts; Chinese National Accounts;
 VAB; Ocupações
 China (2010)  China (2010) China (2010)
 Zhao et al.
 Zhao
 Zhao et al.  VAB (GAV); Occupations VAB; Ocupações et al.
 Classification and Code
 Classification and Code
 Classification and Code  Matrix
 Classification and Code
 Matrix
 Matrix
 Produto Produto
 Classification and Code  Classification and Code Classification and Code   Matrix  Matrix
 National Economy
 National Economy
 National Economy
 National Economy
 National Economy
 Standard of National Economy                              Wood Products
 Standard of National Economy
 Standard of National Economy
 Standard of National Economy
 Standard of National Economy
 Standard of National Economy
 Standard of National Economy
 Industry
 Industry
 Industry
 Industry
 Industry
 Industry
 Industry  Industry   National Economy
 Industry
 Industry
 Industry Industry
 PIB; Capital; Ocupações
 Jiang et al.
 Constant
 China (2000-
 China (2000-
 China (2000-  Annual Chinese   Annual Chinese   Constant  Constant    Constant   Jiang   Jiang et al.   PIB (GDP); Capital;  PIB (GDP); Capital;
 Elasticidade  Jiang et al. et al.
 PIB (GDP); Capital;
 Jiang et al.
 China (2000-
 China (2000- Annual Chinese Annual Chinese Annual Chinese
 PIB (GDP); Capital;
 Industry
 Annual Chinese Yearbook;
 China (2000-
 PIB (GDP); Capital;
 Jiang et al. PIB (GDP); Capital;
 Constant Elasticity
 Constant Elasticity . Jiang et al.
 China (2000- Annual Chinese Yearbook;
 PIB (GDP); Capital;
 PIB (GDP); Capital;
 China (2000- Annual Chinese Yearbook; Annual Chinese Yearbook;
 Annual Chinese Yearbook;  Constant Elasticity  Jiang et al.
 Constant Elasticity
 PIB (GDP); Capital;
 China (2000- 2011)   2011)   Yearbook; Annual   Constant Elasticity  Elasticity of   Jiang et al  Jiang  et al .   Occupations  Occupations  Seafood/Aqua  Seafood
 China (2000- China (2000-China (2000-
 Annual Chinese Yearbook; Annual Chinese Yearbook;
 Elasticidade Elasticidade
 PIB; Capital; Ocupações PIB; Capital; Ocupações
 Jiang
 Jiang et al. et al.
 constante de
 2011)  Yearbook; Annual
 2011)
 Yearbook; Annual  Elasticity of
 Occupations
 2011) Yearbook; Annual Yearbook; Annual
 Occupations
 Elasticity of
 Elasticity of
 Annual Chinese
 Elasticidade
 of Substitution
 Annual Marine Chinese
 2011)
 of Substitution
 Occupations
 Occupations
 Annual Marine Chinese  of Substitution
 Annual Marine Chinese
 Occupations
 of Substitution
 2011) Annual Marine Chinese

 Occupations

 2011)   2011)   China (2000- Marine Chinese   Substitution (CES)   Substitution (CES)   Jiang et al.   Occupations   PIB; Capital; Ocupações   Culture    Processing
 2011) 2011)
 Annual Marine Chinese
 of Substitution  constante de constante de
 2011)  Annual Marine Chinese  Annual Marine Chinese
 substituição (CES)
 Marine Chinese
 Substitution (CES)
 constante de  (CES)
 Marine Chinese
 Marine Chinese
 Marine Chinese
 Substitution
 2011)
 Yearbook; Annual
 (CES))
 (CES))
 Yearbook  Yearbook   Yearbook   (CES))   (CES))   (CES))
 Yearbook
 Yearbook
 Yearbook
 substituição (CES) substituição (CES)
 Yearbook
 Yearbook
 Yearbook  Yearbook   Yearbook   substituição (CES)
 Yearbook
 Marine Chinese
 VAB; Ocupações
 Irlanda (2007)  Irish Central Statistics  Input-Output
 Ireland (2007)  Irish Central Statistics
 Ire
 land Irish Central Statistics
 Morrissey e O’Donoghue VAB (GAV) ; VAB (GAV) ;
 Input-Output Morrissey and O’Donoghue
 Ireland (2007)  Irish Central Statistics
 Ireland (2007)     (2007)   Irish Central Statistics   Input-Output Modelo Insumo- Morrissey and O’Donoghue Morrissey and O’Donoghue VAB (GAV) ;   VAB (GAV) ;   Source: Adapted from O’Donougue et al., (2021)
 Morrissey and O’Donoghue
 Input-Output
 Yearbook
 Produto
 Occupations

 Occupations
 Office; Census of industrial
 Office; Census of industrial
 Occupations
 Office; Census of industrial
 Office; Census of industrial
 Office; Census of industrial  Model
 Irlanda (2007)  Irish Central Statistics   Model  Model  Model  Morrissey e O’Donoghue  Occupations  VAB; Ocupações
 Modelo Insumo-
 production; Annual
 production; Annual
 production; Annual
 production; Annual  production; Annual   Produto               the extent and condition of ecosystems,
 Office; Census of industrial
 Services Inquiry; Census of
 Services Inquiry; Census of   of   The SEEA-EA is an advancement of the
  Census
 Services Inquiry; Census of
 Services Inquiry; Census of
 Services Inquiry;
 production; Annual
 Building and Construction
 Building and Construction
 Building and Construction
 Building and Construction
 Building and Construction   System of Environmental-Economic Ac-  evaluating ecosystem services and assets,
 Services Inquiry; Census of
 Tabela 1.  Síntese de estudos da economia relacionada direta e indiretamente ao mar.
 Building and Construction
 Adapted from Nicolls et al., (2021); Grilli et al., (2021); Carvalho and Moraes (2021); Carvalho (2018); Vega and   counting (SEEA), year 2012, enabling the   and linking this information to measures
 Tabela 1.  Síntese de estudos da economia relacionada direta e indiretamente ao mar.

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 Fonte: Adaptado de Nicolls et al., (2021); Grilli et al., (2021); Carvalho e Moraes (2021); Carvalho (2018); Vega e Hynes (2017); OCDE (2016); Zhao et al., (2014); Jiang
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 Regarding the advances in models ded- *Em construção à época.*Em construção à época.*Em construção à época.  ables and the comparison with national ac-  cy demands and challenges with a focus
 linking the ecosystem to economic activities.
 *Em construção à época.
 icated to the economy of the sea, we high-  O’Donougue et al., (2021) elicidated the   counts data. According to the UN (2021, p.   on making nature’s contributions to the
                   1), it can be understood as:
 light: the Irish Bio-Economy Input-Output   applications of the BIO model and their re-  economy and people visible.
 (BIO model) , proposed based on a nation-  spective authors, based on national IPM   [...] an integrated spatial-based statistical
 3
 al IO model; System of Environmental-Eco-  breakdowns: (i) breakdown of the seafood   framework for organizing biophysical in-  Thus, to date, the SEEA-EA takes into
 nomic Accounting – Ecosystem Account-  sector (VEGA; HYNES, 2014); (ii) updating   formation about ecosystems, measuring   account the following ecosystem perspec-
 ing (SEEA – EA) developing an accounting   and further disaggregating the model with   ecosystem services, tracking changes in   tives: (i) spatial: the number of ecosystems
 64   ECONOMIA AZUL                                                   Economy and the Sea: Methods and Indicators 65
 64   ECONOMIA AZUL
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