Page 356 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

Figure 1. Norway’s governance model of ocean activities Australia

Australia considers the oceans to be . develop transdisciplinary skills;
Steering Committee the country’s economic future. By 2025,
Ministry of Climate and Environment Ministry of Transport marine industries are expected to contrib- . build research ships;
Ministry of Petroleum and Energy Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs ute approximately $100 billion a year to . investigate, map and monitor;
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries Ministry of Finance the economy, and the maritime economy’s
Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation Ministry of Justice and Public Security contribution to Australia’s economy is ex- . define the starting point for marine sci-
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Defence pected to grow at three times the rate of ences;
growth of the general economy. . cooperate.
  Strategically, Australia considers that

knowledge of the oceans is a fundamen- USA


Forum for Integrated Ocean Management Advisory Group on Monitoring tal instrument for extracting the maxi- The United States of America has a
• Norwegian • Norwegian • Institute of Marine • Norwegian Institute mum benefit, in a sustainable way, from Federal Agency called NOAA – National
Environment Agency Meteorological Research for Nature Research marine resources. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
• Norwegian Institute • Norwegian • Norwegian Institute In this context, it built a national marine
Radiation and • Norwegian Water Radiation and for Water Research which belongs to the Department of Com-

Nuclear Safety Resources and Energy  Nuclear Safety • Geological Survey science plan (National Marine Science Com- merce (Ministry of Economy). A world ref-
Authority Directorate Authority of Norway
• Directorate of • Norwegian Polar • Directorate of • Norwegian Polar mittee (Australia) and Gunn, [2015]) that erence in relation to ocean matters, espe-
Fisheries Institute Fisheries Institute aims to respond to the following objectives: cially in matters related to the knowledge
• Institute of Marine • Norwegian • Norwegian • Norwegian
Research Petroleum Directorate Meteorological Maritime . maintain maritime sovereignty and se- of the natural dynamics of the oceans
• Norwegian • Petroleum Safety Institute Authority curity; and their socio-economic impact, NOAA’s
Mapping Authority Authority • Norwegian
• Norwegian Coastal • Norwegian Environment Agency . achieve energy security; 2021-2025 strategy for the blue economy
Administration Maritime Authority (LEBOEUF et al., 2021) contains the follow-
. ensure food security; ing strategic objectives:
Source: Norway’s integrated ocean management plans (2020)
. preserve the good health of marine eco- . Contribute to the development of mari-
systems and their biodiversity; time transport;

. create sustainable coastal urban devel- . Map, research and characterize the US
The objectives of the Norwegian sea makes it possible for them to coexist to-
plan are: gether, without going beyond the limits of opment; EEZ;
environmental sustainability of marine eco- vunderstand and adapt to climate change; . Promote the growth and competitive-
. promote the sustainable use of marine systems; . allocate the development of marine re- ness of the sea food industry;
ecosystems in order to create value and . manage fisheries resources sustainably; sources in an equitable and balanced manner;
employment, in a sustainable way, over . Expand coastal, ocean and Great Lake
time; . carry out offshore oil exploration safely The steps that will be taken in imple- tourism;
and in full respect of the most demanding menting the plan will be as follows: . Increase the resilience of oceans, coasts
. the sea industries will have to promote environmental standards; . construction of decision support tools;
the creation of value and well-being for the and large lakes;
whole country; . develop offshore renewable energies; . creation of forecast models; . Develop sustainable blue growth;

. the existence of coordination between . create the conditions for safe and envi- . establishment of partnerships between . Leverage external opportunities for the
all activities of a commercial nature that ronmentally sustainable maritime transport. industry and the State; development of the Blue Economy.

354 BLUE ECONOMY The Innovative Arrangements of the Sea Economy 355
354 BLUE ECONOMY