Page 358 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

According to the US Marine Econo- main sectors of the US marine economy (i) to promote entrepreneurship and inno- Currently, the Atlantic Action Plan, man-
my Satellite Account (NOAA, [2021]), the are as follows: vation; (ii) protect and develop marine eco- aged by the executive committee made up
Table 3. Major sectors of the US marine economy systems; (iii) improve accessibility and con- of the European Commission, Portugal,
nectivity and (iv) create a model of social, Spain, France, and Ireland, has the follow-
Gross Value Added (millions of dollars) 2019 inclusive, and sustainable development. ing four pillars:
Ocean and Coastal Tourism 132,984 Additionally, the European Union en- . Atlantic ports and their role in the Blue
Maritime Defense and Public Administration 104,233 tered into strategic international cooperation Economy;
Offshore Minerals 78,028 agreements to better understand the oceans,
with emphasis on the Galway Agreement, . blue skills and ocean literacy;
Maritime Transport and Logistics 21,268 which launched cooperation between the
Shipbuilding and Repair 3,694 European Union, Canada, and the United . marine renewable energies;
Science and Education 6,613 States, establishing the Atlantic Ocean Re- . a healthy ocean and resilient coastlines.
Living Marine Resources 12,028 search Alliance (AORA). Soon after the Gal- In the entire European Union, the Gross
Others 26,203 way Agreement, it signed the Belém Agree- Value Added of the Blue Economy (Europe-
Gross Value Added of the Marine Economy of the United ment, establishing cooperation between the an Commission, [2021]), in 2018, exceed-
States of America 385,051 European Union, South Africa, and Brazil. ed 176 billion euros.
Table 4. Gross Value Added of the Blue Economy European Union
European Union Source: NOAA (2021)
Gross Value Added (millions of euros) 2018
Despite the fact that, up to this point, the . marine data and knowledge – allowing
initiatives of arrangements have had the State access to information about the sea, capa- Living Resources 19,100
as the central actor (both in the Brazilian case ble of being used by all entities, generating non-living resources 4,243
and in the international examples), initiatives knowledge and value through the analysis Offshore Energy 1,495
arising from inter-state rearrangements with of this data; Port Activity 26,481
the European case must still be underlined. . marine spatial planning – reducing con- Shipbuilding and Repair 14,654
The European Union has been a pioneer
in building an integrated view of all activities flicts between sectors, encouraging invest- Maritime Transport 30,047
ment, increasing cooperation between
that take place at sea. In 2007, after a peri- States and protecting the environment; Coastal Tourism 80,049
od of production of strategic documents on Gross Value Added of the Blue Economy European Union 176,069
the sea, the European Union started its Inte- . integrated maritime surveillance – al- Source: European Comission (2021)
grated Maritime Policy, also called the “Blue lowing the maritime authorities of the dif-
Book”. This policy is designed to reinforce ferent States to have a common informa- Transformation of the Economy at a recovery also means the transformation of
the sustainable development of the Europe- tion-sharing environment; Global Level the pre-pandemic economic growth model,
an Union across the sea. . maritime strategies by basin – allowing, The Covid-19 pandemic has caused which already had low GDP growth rates
The structural axes and their preten- a disruption at the global level, with the (1% to 2%) and signs of pollution and
sions of this integrated vision are: in a differentiated way, to solve the weak- world’s Gross Domestic Product having fall- extreme weather phenomena. The Blue
nesses and highlight the strengths of each en by around 3.3% in the year 2020 (Inter- Economy therefore has the opportunity to
. blue growth – developing sectors with maritime region of the European Union. In national Monetary Fund, [2022.]) – an un- contribute to a sustainable recovery that
great growth potential, such as aquacul- 2011, the first action plan by basin was the precedented drop in the last four decades, positively transforms the global economic
ture, marine biotechnology, and ocean en- European Union action plan for the Atlan- according to the international report Burgee development model. An approach based on
ergy, among others; tic, whose main priorities were: (MARQUES, 2021), it is important that the two pillars: on science, which will feed this

356 BLUE ECONOMY The Innovative Arrangements of the Sea Economy 357