Page 260 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

can be seen as an incipient experience of tion of planning at the three levels (local, 1999; NICOLODI et al., 2009; MULAZZANI; ic, hydrological, social and demographic
sustainability transition. For the EU, the MSP regional, and national) becomes a goal. MALORGIO, 2017; SCHERER; NICOLODI, aspects, starting to also contemplate the
is a technical and political instrument, con- In Blue Economy the regional scale should 2021), such as pollution and habitat loss. In dimensions on conservation of river habi-
sidered an important tool for the sustainable be a priority. Although the importance of lo- a reverse direction, tides, waves and winds tats and species and adjacent ecosystems
development of the Blue Economy in marine cal projects is clear, as well as the definition of coming from the ocean can impact coastal (MASSOUD et al., 2004). This paradigm
areas and coastal regions. The general objec- a national strategy, the region should emerge areas and, in case of incidents with hydro- approaches the integrated management
tive of the MSP is to manage human activities as an institutional scale of political and fiscal carbons, for example, can contaminate sev- of multiple resources and sectors aiming
in the maritime space so that they are car- organization, and for this, it is crucial the ex- eral kilometers towards land (COCCOSSIS, at regional sustainable development, since
ried out fulfilling their social and economic istence of a national project that includes the 2004; DISNER; TORRES, 2020; MAGRIS; it seeks to minimize the potential adverse
purposes, but still considering the efficiency, regional scale with some degree of autono- GIARRIZZO, 2020). effects on the economic, social, and eco-
safety, and sustainability necessary to main- my and endowed with political capacity and It is undeniable that human uses and logical dimensions (NAKAMURA, 2003).
tain the balance and health of the marine not just as a mere accessory tool (BERCOVICI, activities at sea, which are relevant parts Since the CZ constitutes a relevant part of
environment. Given that 60% of the oceans 2003; BARBOSA; RANDOLPH, 2019). of the Blue Economy, are connected and exorheic basins (basin with waters taken
are under shared responsibility, international According to Barbosa and Randolph highly dependent on terrestrial ecosys- directly to the open sea), its sustainabili-
cooperation, and common principles on the (2019), it is essential to incorporate region- tems and infrastructure, and cannot exist ty depends, in part, on management ap-
use of the marine environment are essential, al planning at the federal level. The concept without this interaction (European Com- proaches adopted within the basins.
strengthening global ocean governance in of regional planning must be rescued as an mission, 2020; GARCIA et al., 2020; MO- In Brazil, the National Water Resources
order to reduce pressures and increase sus- instrument for development and for the re- RILLO; SPALDING, 2017). Policy – PNRH, established in 1997 by Law
tainable uses. In the UN 2030 Agenda for duction of social and territorial inequalities. Both Coastal Zones, Watersheds, and no. 9.433, has as one of its assumptions
sustainable development, the MSP aims to To think about this planning on a re- the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) have the hydrographic basin as a territorial unit
contribute to Sustainable Development Goal gional scale that supports the development their own specific management policies for the development of water resources
14 (SDG 14), related to life bellow water (Eu- of a Blue Economy, Brazil already has es- and instruments, which end up having re- planning. The National Council of Water Re-
ropean Commission, 2020). tablished management systems for three percussions on the economic aspects of the sources – CNRH is the highest instance for
In this scenario, geographic scale has spaces: the Watersheds, the Coastal Zone, oceans. An indisputable premise is the bet- articulating the integration of public policies
special relevance for the development of and the Exclusive Economic Zone. Integrat- ter and more integrated the strategic plan- in relation to water resources, having the
a Blue Economy, especially in a country of ing them, as far as possible, requires a lot ning for these portions of the territory, the Watersheds Committee as the main facilita-
continental dimensions like Brazil. Assum- of effort, nevertheless, it results in concrete better the results in terms of wealth gener- tor of the management process. One of the
ing that the territorial planning of the CZ is benefits within a Blue Economy that is ef- ation, sustainable use of natural resources, main guidelines of the PNRH is “the integra-
crucial for the Blue Economy, the integra- fectively ecosystem-based. quality of environments and maintenance tion of watershed management with that
of basic ecosystem services. of estuarine systems and coastal zones.”
3. Integration of the Coastal Zone with the hydrographic basins and The terrestrial limits of the CZ, clear- To this end, in 2005 the Technical Cham-
with the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) ly defined in the legislation based on the ber for the Integration of the Management
municipal limits, are superimposed by the of Hydrographic Basins and Estuarine and
One of the most basic premises of the al., 2020) that eventually impacts the cur- watersheds, which are defined in the phys- Coastal Zone Systems – CTCOST was cre-
relationship between the CZ and their rent economic relations. ical aspects of the drainage networks. In ated (NICOLODI et al., 2009). This technical
transition regions is that “what happens Fresh water, sediments and contami- terms of management of these spaces, it chamber discussed this integration between
on land influences the ocean and vice ver- nants arrive simultaneously in the seas from is clear that there has been an evolution of these two systems (Coastal Zone and Water
1
sa”. A simple statement like this can be the the interior, through hydrographic basins the water resources management systems Resources) until 2019 , when it was deac-
beginning of a complex issue for territorial and tend to infringe significant changes in for the integrated management of water- tivated by means of Decree 10,000/2019,
management initiatives (VAN ASSCHE et the marine environment (COCCOSSIS et al., sheds, which extrapolated the econom- having its objectives restricted to the

258 BLUE ECONOMIY The management of the Coastal Zone of Brazil 259