Page 265 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

also configured as a technical-scientific dis- Dimension of the Environment held in Stock- milestone was established by the creation of sector, which increasingly focuses on the is-
cipline that is primarily concerned with the holm was a catalyst for the creation of the the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com- sue of interconnectivity of activities exclusively
relationship between society and the CZ. In United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). mission (IOC – UNESCO), still in 1960, and marine (oil and gas, aquaculture, navigation,
addition, other elements are the focus of its UNEP leveraged the dissemination of oth- until today it is the only organization with marine conservation, etc.) with their bases
analysis as a discipline, such as the applica- er initiatives of the same character, but with competence to deal with matters related to on land (ports, refineries, ecosystem services,
tion of participatory management models, territorial specificities and their own purpos- marine sciences in the UN system. etc.). All this interdependence between pro-
the search for integrated knowledge, insti- es. One example is the adoption of the In- In Brazil, the consequences of these ductive sectors, logistics, infrastructure, and
tutional cooperation and coordination, and ternational Convention for the Prevention of movements led to the creation, in 1974, of ecosystem services is configured as a central
dissemination of results in management pro- Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), which took the Interministerial Commission for the Re- point in the discussion of a Blue Economy.
cesses (BARRAGÁN, 2016; BARRAGÁN; DE place shortly after the Stockholm meeting sources of the Sea (CIRM), whose objective 4.1 Management policies and
ANDRÉS, 2020). Such conceptions, when (NICOLODI; GRUBER, 2020). A reference is to govern the discussions on the subject. instruments in the coastal zone
added together, contribute to the notion of point for Integrated Coastal Management A direct consequence of the creation of this of Brazil
“coastal governance”, which is defined by as a public policy was the US Coastal Zone Commission was the enactment, in 1980, of
Polette (2020) as a more comprehensive sys- Management Act, also enacted in 1972 in the National Policy for Sea Resources (PNRM) The Art. 7 of Federal Decree 5.300/2004
tem than a management system, not limited the United States. (MARRONI; SILVA, 2015). In 1983, within brings in its scope the need to apply, in an
to the governmental sphere. This initiative can be considered a man- the scope of the same Commission, a spe- articulated and integrated way, a set of nine
These complementary visions form a set agement instrument that established the cific subcommittee was created to deal with instruments. Evidently, the meaning of this
of what can be considered Integrated Coast- collaborative and voluntary management of coastal management, and which can be con- articulated and integrated application is a
al Management: a management process the CZ at the federal and state levels, cover- sidered as the embryo of what would become widely debated issue and presents several
directly linked to the State, which requires ing almost the entire coast of that country the Coastal Management Integration Group biases according to the interests of those
effective social participation and technical (HUMPHREY et al., 2000). For many west- (GI-GERCO), established in 1996 and with who participate in such debate. Even so,
and scientific support, the latter of which can ern nations, this was a milestone in the dis- significant performance until 2019, when it the importance of such instruments being
be found in the various lines of research. in cussion, then incipient, of the planning of had its importance and representativeness clearly and concisely defined in the legisla-
Universities and Research Centers around the coastal spaces and their public and private significantly reduced (SANTOS et al., 2019). tion related to the subject is undeniable.
planet (NICOLODI, 2021). management agenda. Since 1988, the year of the implementa- Table 1 is a summary of the most rele-
In the case of Brazil, Polette (2020) con- There were several historical moments tion of the ICM policy in Brazil, to the pres- vant management tools in the ICM process
siders that the National Coastal Manage- where the need to implement a manage- ent day, the economic, socio-environmental, in Brazil. A superficial reading focused only
ment Plan – PNGC enables full governance ment of coastal spaces areas that respected technological and management context of on the scope of these instruments leads to
of the CZ, through a broad articulation of their specificities was observed. A highlight the Brazilian CZ has gradually changed, and the perception of a logical chain, with the
public policies (sectoral, environmental, and can be given to Eco-92, which took place the response given by policies and their in- definition of plans in the three spheres of
urban) aimed at optimizing the develop- in Rio de Janeiro, where the mention of struments has not always been compatible government (federal, state, and munici-
ment potential that such spaces represent, this need was highlighted in Chapter 17 of with their objectives. An important update in pal) and with their execution coordinated
and validate the instruments of public poli- Agenda 21. Other important moments were this whole context was the migration of in- by a broader Federal Action Plan (PAF),
cies, as key elements of territorial manage- materialized in the creation of the Intergov- terests, definitions, policies, and instruments further complemented by monitoring and
ment, thus allowing their implementation ernmental Committee for the Framework increasingly towards offshore. data analysis systems (NICOLODI; GRUBER,
within the scope of governance. of the Convention on Climate Change, the The indisputable interaction between the 2020; NICOLODI, 2021).
To understand how the PNGC was con- Intergovernmental Committee on Biological CZ and the ocean becomes a central issue, In addition, two instruments comple-
ceived, it is necessary to analyze some chrono- Diversity, the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli- whether from the point of view of the en- ment this framework: the ORLA Project,
logical facts, such as the year 1972, where the mate Change (IPCC), at RIO+10, at RIO+20, vironments (ecosystems and associated en- which operates on a local scale, with a
United Nations Conference on the Human among many others. Another important vironmental services) or of the productive focus on social participation (OLIVEIRA;

262 BLUE ECONOMIY The management of the Coastal Zone of Brazil 263