Page 268 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

A brief analysis of the existing manage- to avoid possible polarizations between scope of strategic planning with a direct im- and adaptation measures, could cause
ment tools for the CZ in Brazil allows us to states and regions and the multiplication of pact on the development of a Blue Economy. damage of €814 billion by 2100, affecting
infer that three of them have a prominent partially duplicated projects with a waste of As an example, we can mention some at least 3 million EU citizens.
interface with ecosystem-based manage- space and resources. This scale (Union) al- methods of using hierarchical habitat clas- In Brazil, which has one of the most ex-
ment, or even with the organization and lows the regulation of management forms, sification systems (CONGALTON, 1991; tensive CZs in the world with more than
systematization of information that are the establishment of partnership rules, as BOOTH et al., 1996; CONNOR et al., 2004), 8,500 km, 26.6% of the population lives
crucial to the development of a Blue Econ- well as allowing situations that can be in- such as the Coastal and Marine Ecological in the CZ, which comprises 17 states of
omy. They are: CZ Macrodiagnosis (CZMD), duced, encouraged, supervised or restricted, Classification Standard (CMECS), and the the federation and is home to 13 of the
PROCOSTA and ORLA Project. It is inter- both from an economic and environmen- European Union Nature Information System 27 Brazilian capitals. Nicolodi and Petter-
esting to note that each one of them has tal point of view (MMA, 1996; NICOLODI; (EUNIS). These systems apply specific classi- mann (2010) estimated, based on natural,
a different geographic scale of action, re- GRUBER, 2020; NICOLODI, 2021). fication keys for habitats structured in hier- social, and technological risk data from
spectively, national, regional, and local. Considering the importance of the MSP archical levels that allow the application of the CZMD and the Brazilian Navy (MMA,
A brief breakdown of each of them will be for the establishment of a Blue Economy, these keys in scales from thousands of km² 2008), the potential for vulnerability of the
offered below, connecting them to the pre- Scherer and Nicolodi (2021) analyzed and to less than 1 m², covering the coast, pe- CZ, emphasizing the relationship between
cepts and challenges of the Blue Economy. identified the opportunities for integrating lagic and benthic zones of estuaries, coastal exposed population and total population.
the already consolidated base of GERCO zone and open ocean (MADDEN; GROSS- Just as an example, Rio de Janeiro had the
4.1.1 The Coastal Zone Macrodiagnosis with the MSP, highlighting the potential MAN, 2004). Initial methodological tests to highest ratio, with a rate of 78%, which at
of Brazil (CZMD)
of this integration specifically between the adapt these systems to Brazil were carried the time was equivalent to a contingent of
The first version of the CZMD on the Na- management instruments and their re- out (SOUZA, 2019). Such tests have the 11,194,150 inhabitants, of which approxi-
tional Scale was published in 1996, result- spective tools. In this context, the CZMD potential to advance with the introduction mately 5 million were in the capital. In ad-
ing from an effort to evaluate the Coastal was especially highlighted because it is a of economic variables that could provide dition to these authors, many others have
Management process in the country. As an provider of subsidies for decision-making, the technical and conceptual basis for the already discussed the vulnerability of the CZ
update product of this diagnosis, in 2008, even though it is not, in essence, an instru- construction of the MSP, with the notion of with the effects of climate change as the
the second version of the CZMD was pub- ment for territorial planning or for the di- integration between these instruments built main threats. A good overview of this sce-
lished, with the inclusion of new combina- rect definition of actions and policies. in since its conception, thus avoiding further nario can be found, both from an academ-
tions of analysis of direct and indirect im- The CZMD provides subsidies for inter-in- efforts to make them compatible. ic and governmental point of view, in the
pacts on the Brazilian coast, mainly due to stitutional articulation within federal agencies works of CGEE (2007); IOC (2009); Neves
the increasing migration towards the off- in relation to plans and projects that may af- 4.1.2 National Program for Coastline and Muehe (2010), Tagliani et al. (2010);
shore of economic activities, as well as the fect coastal and marine areas and resources. Conservation - PROCOSTA ECLAC (2011); PBMC (2013); Zanetti et al.,
concern with the conservation of marine In addition, there is an overview of the Bra- According to the European Commission (2016); Lima and Bonetti (2018); Lins-de-
areas (MMA, 1996; 2008). zilian coast related to risk scenarios (MMA, (2020), approximately 1/3 of the population Barros et al., (2020), among others.
The main feature of this instrument is 1996; MMA, 2008). From a theoretical point of the European Union (EU) lives less than 1 For the European Commission (2020),
its ability to aggregate and interrelate basic of view, the CZMD is one of the instruments km from the coast and about 72,000 peo- about 95% of impacts from climate change
information referring to socioeconomic and that has one of the biggest interfaces with ple are exposed to coastal flooding every could be avoided through planning and mit-
physical-natural characteristics, providing an the MSP. The CZMD has the potential to inte- year. Damage caused by coastal flooding igation, for example, by raising pre-existing
overall view of the Brazilian coast in terms of grate, from a diagnostic perspective, the ter- in the EU currently totals €1 billion annually dikes in human settlements and in econom-
existing and potential risk scenarios. restrial portion of the CZ with Ecological-Eco- (equivalent to 0.01% of current EU GDP), ically important areas along the coastal line.
It should be noted that the CZMD has, nomic Zoning and the marine portion with with France currently suffering the most In the absence of new investments in coast-
at the Union scale, a more adequate per- MSP initiatives (SCHERER; NICOLODI, 2021). damage (€0.2 billion/annual). Estimates of al adaptation, annual losses from coastal
ception of phenomena with the potential This integration can be a key factor within a sea level rise, if unaccompanied by mitigation flooding in the EU are projected to grow to

266 BLUE ECONOMIY The management of the Coastal Zone of Brazil 267