Page 701 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

Figure 1 - Major Canadian government shipbuilding programs was hegemonic until the 1980s, being decision-making can influence political and
in the post-World War II period threatened by the increase in the participa- not technical or economic measures, distort-
tion of Korea (LEE, 2019). According to Todd ing international competition (OECD, 2021a).
(2019), Korea’s share of industry sales in- In China, state-owned companies ac-
Royal Restigouche Annapolis Halifax creased from 9.7% in 1982 to 23% in 1983. counted for more than 90% of the coun-
Canadian Class (1953- Class (1960 - Class (1987- At the end of the 1990s, China started try’s deliveries in 2020. The largest of these
Navy 1959) 1964) 1996)
to stand out in the market after large state companies is the China State Shipbuilding
investments in the sector. This was largely Corporation (CSSC), created in 2019. After a
because of the speed of ship building and series of investments and large-scale expan-
1910 [...] 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 lower prices. In the country, in addition sion of the ship’s infrastructure in the sector
to small private national companies, be- between 2003 and 2008, China reached
ing the Yangzijiang Shipbuilding Group the top of the world shipbuilding in 2010
founded in 1956 the largest of them, and and has remained in that position, mainly in
St. Laurent Mackenzie Iroquois National joint ventures, around 40% of the sector terms of new contracts and completion of
Class (1950 - Class (1958 - Class (1969- Shipbuilding belong to state-owned companies (PARK; vessels. The country accounted for 37.5% of
1957) 1963) 1973) Strategy
HWANG, 2018). State-owned companies all world production in 2020 (OECD, 2021b).
are a common strategy for controlling With the beginning of the pandemic in
Source: Barreto (2020, p. 46) the sector, however, the strong influence 2020, several world shipyards had negative
of the government in its structure and impacts, such as France and Spain, with

guaranteeing free competition in the mar- Governments assume specific policies to
ket. A few years later, the OECD itself asked ensure the competitiveness of their indus- Figure 2 - Conclusions and new ship contracts by Chinese shipyards,
countries to intervene to support their ship- tries, however, geopolitical alliances can de- 2011-2020
yards and guarantee the capacity of these fine the choice of vessel design considering
structures (TODD, 2019). interoperability between nations in the case 25000
Thus, the United Kingdom was the of joint operations. Another great character-
great birthplace of the modern naval in- istic of the naval industry is the change in 20000
dustry, with a prominent Navy and keeping relation to the countries that lead the inter-
Western Europe at the center of the world national market. In the 1960s, Europe lost 15000
market until the mid-1960s. Despite their its position as the largest industry to Japan Thousand cgt
prominence on the international stage, and, later, in the 1980s, to South Korea and
countries also depended heavily on state China (BOTELHO, 2007). 10000
aid to maintain their production. (Idem). It In the 1950s and 1960s, Japan used the
is important to highlight that, despite the shipbuilding sector to generate employment 5000
characteristics of shipyards being funda- and income for society and rebuild its indus-
mental in international purchases, as they trial park after World War II. One of the coun- 0
influence the quality and technological try’s strategies was to control 35% of the 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
development of vessels, the specificities of national shipyards through the creation of Completions New contracts
countries and their bilateral relations also a government agency. Thus, the dominance
interfere in the choice (LEE, 2019). of the international market by the country Source: OCDE (2021b, p. 14)

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