Page 698 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

investments in infrastructure and techno- ing, to situate the reader as to the origins Navy (RCN), established in 1910, dealt with Although some factors are common to
logical development in Brazil. of the shipbuilding industry and the largest old and scrapped vessels, after a failed at- shipbuilding around the world, influencing
Thus, the main objective of the chapter international builders; the history of ship- tempt by Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier competitiveness in the international mar-
is to provide an overview of the Brazilian building in Brazil, highlighting the role of to equip the navy with vessels designed ket, such as cost, vessel layout, technolog-
shipbuilding industry, highlighting its eco- military orders and the oil and gas sector and built in the country (BARRETO, 2021a). ical development and demand cycles; all of
nomic and social importance for the coun- in its development; and the role of innova- During the Second World War (1939- these factors are impacted by country-spe-
try. For this, the text is divided into four tion in this scenario. The conclusion brings 1945), several countries invested massive- cific issues. The way the government inter-
parts, in addition to the present introduc- some considerations for the future of Bra- ly in their shipbuilding industry, mainly feres and organizes this sector can define
tion: international panorama of shipbuild- zilian shipbuilding. due to the importance that vessels had in its performance and space in the interna-
the conflict before. The large-scale need tional scenario, mainly because many sec-
2. International Naval Construction Overview
has made the sector adapt to constitute tors become dependent on State incentives
faster production, including adopting the to survive (TODD, 2019).
The practice of shipbuilding is evidenced countries that were not able to keep up practice of “production line” and the pre- In Canada, the shipbuilding sector had
throughout human history, with the de- with technological development, as in the fabrication of some parts and pieces of the State as the main party responsible for
velopment of vessels to cross rivers and case of Canada. The Canadian shipbuild- ships (TODD, 2019). its development and stabilization in times
oceans. It was during the First Industrial ing industry dates back to the period when In Canada, the government provided of crisis, being completely focused on na-
Revolution, at the end of the 18th centu- the country was still a colony of the United several incentives for the development of tional demands. This is mainly due to the
ry and the beginning of the 19th century, Kingdom in the 19th century. The devel- shipyards, mainly to compensate for the country’s practice of investing in moments
the first leap in the development of the opment of this activity was driven by the demobilization of the shipbuilding industry of crisis and, after these moments of high
sector, with the advent of steam engines increase in population and the timber trade after the end of the First World War. Even growth, sudden drops due to lack of de-
and, in the naval environment, the cre- with the metropolis, mainly in the shipyards with a series of investments, the country’s mand. This tradition of “producing to re-
ation of the first dry docks in England. located in Quebec (WILSON, 2009). industry did not have the technological spond” directly affects the structure of
The period was marked by a significant Even at the beginning of its develop- knowledge or specific skills for the con- the market and the conduct of companies
improvement in the construction of ves- ment, the sector suffered a drop in produc- struction of large vessels. Therefore, at the (BARRETO, 2020).
sels, causing fewer shipwrecks and better tion due to the new vessels built in steel. request of the country’s Navy, the focus Recognizing the importance of the area
navigability (TODD, 2019). Soon, government incentive policies were was on the construction of Tribal-class de- for creating jobs in coastal regions, further
The designs and materials used in ship- demanded by shipyards, which were con- stroyers, based on the designs of the British away from the country’s industrial centers,
building were gradually changed during the centrated in the coastal region of the coun- Navy (SHOUTE, 2015). the government generally uses these positive
19th century. The boats made of wood had try but were not properly met. The sector After World War II, a number of war- impacts to defend the projects in the face of
the timid addition of iron to make stronger remained until the mid-nineteenth century time practices for faster fabrication took public opinion. The country also adopts the
joints on the deck. It was in 1843 that the through demands from the United King- hold in the shipbuilding industry, in partic- policy of industrial compensation in all its ac-
first ship with an iron hull was conceived, dom (BARRETO, 2020). ular the use of prefabricated block sections quisitions, including national ones, seeking
built by engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. It was only with the beginning of the to save time in the process with less effort. the economic and technological develop-
The Great Britain ship was designed to car- First World War (1914-1918) that this in- Some examples of these components are ment of other sectors (BARRETO, 2021b).
ry 250 passengers and had its first voyage dustry was again highly demanded by the electrical tubes and cables. Furthermore, It wasn’t just Canada that invested in
in 1845. This project represented a major government to supply the number of ves- with the end of the conflict, the shipbuild- subsidy policies for the shipbuilding indus-
break with the tradition of building wood- sels needed by the British navy, still strug- ing industry gained prominence in several try. However, by creating a distortion in
en ships (COLTON; HUNTZINGER, 2002). gling to assimilate the new knowledge of countries as a strategic activity to guaran- international competition, different States
This change in the raw material of ships steel vessel construction. (YOUNG, 2012). tee naval power and national sovereignty declared in 1972, from the OECD, their ob-
harmed the construction sector in several Until that moment, the Royal Canadian (COLTON; HUNTZINGER, 2002). jective of eliminating these incentives and

696 BLUE ECONOMY Brazilian Naval Industry 697