Page 693 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

market there are still some bottlenecks to to the available infrastructure. Increasing international borders. All this brought new national port complexes. The Southeast and
be overcome, such as the expansion of the size of ships may have a natural reflec- paradigms to the sector, which had to adapt South regions concentrate the largest num-
dredging, duplication of access channels, tion on the number of monthly calls, since to the changes imposed by the pandemic. ber of port terminals for handling contain-
ordering for ship and barge traffic, areas if demand does not increase, ships will call From an economic point of view, for con- erized cargo. Additionally, we verified that
for carrying out transshipment in the San- at ports less often per month. On the other tainer ship owners this period was one of the expansion of the national agricultural
tarém area, landslides, beacons, signaling hand, operating larger ships means that it the best ever in terms of EBITDA gains. frontier towards the North and Northeast
on some waterways, reinforcements in the will unload/load more cargo, for example, In the case of Brazil, importers began has boosted investments in infrastructure
mooring of nearby berths, improvements forcing the terminals to prepare for this to experience a significant increase in con- to make operations in these regions viable,
in land access (road and rail), as pointed new situation. The effect over time will be tainer freight. The impact of this is an in- which, in a way, will lead to the develop-
out by ATP (2020), in addition to other lo- to accompany an increase in movements/ crease in costs along the distribution chain ment of new services that add value to the
cal demands of each national port region scale with a reduction in the number of that impacts the final consumer, which logistics chain and to the municipalities in
that should increase the competitiveness ships berthing, with a global effect on the can lead to a reduction in the movement the area of influence of these port enter-
of Brazilian ports. berth occupancy rate. of some lower value-added cargo that prises. In other words, it will have a positive
In addition to these points, we have An important point to be noted is that needs to be imported. impact of more services being generated in
the challenges for the operation of in- replacing the fleet of old ships with more In this sense, the Brazilian port infrastruc- regions that until then did not have such a
creasingly larger ships, which are being modern ones will require, in the short and ture, as shown, follows the degree of eco- significant demand for the transport of car-
moved from routes from the Northern medium term, that Brazilian ports have nomic complexity of the country. Between go by waterway.
Hemisphere to the South, which will re- better infrastructure to service these ships. 2000 and 2019, it was found that there was Finally, it is worth emphasizing that a
quire planning and actions to allow safe There will be a demand for electricity sup- a reduction in this complexity, mainly driven systemic and integrated view is needed to
reception for these ships. ply, through the shore power system, in by the increase in commodity exports and a understand the behavior of infrastructure
addition to the availability of supply of of stagnation in terms of higher added value development, the flow of investments de-
1.8 Final considerations LNG, green hydrogen, methanol and/or products. Thus, factors involving the distri- pending on the vocation of cargo handled
ammonia, these being the fuels that are bution of industries throughout the nation- in Brazil. A change in economic complexity
The development of maritime trans- being quoted to replace the ships’ bunker, al territory, income distribution, production over time may also change the relationships
port and the port sector is strongly affect- to meet to the IMO-2030-2050 criteria in and consumption centers have an influence of cargo handled, necessitating the imple-
ed by the economic variables of countries, terms of CO emission reduction of 2008. on the supply and demand relationship and, mentation of other infrastructures to meet
2
whether developed or developing. The In other words, there is a new chain of proj- consequently, on the distribution of the main these transport demands.
maritime sector has undergone significant ects, technologies and services for Brazilian
transformations in recent years, driven by ports, and the maritime industry available References
environmental pressures, which have cer- to be captured in the short and medium
tainly reflected in the search for better term, with potential to generate employ- AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE TRANSPORTE cabotagem/numeros-do-setor/. Access on:
operational efficiency and cost reduction. ment, income and improve sustainability. AQUAVIÁRIO – ANTAQ. Estatístico Aqua- January 20, 2022.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DOS TERMI-
The phenomenon of economies of scale On the other hand, it is important to viário. Available at: http://ea.antaq.gov. NAIS DE CONTÊINERES. Estatísticas.
br/. Access on: January 20, 2022
has forced ships to increase in size, putting understand the impact that Covid-19 has AL-ENAZI, A.; OKONKWO, E. C.; BICER, Available at: https://abratec.terminais.
pressure on port infrastructures distributed had on the maritime transport market, Y.; AL-ANSARI, T. A review of cleaner al- org.br/estatisticas. Access on: January
across the globe. Brazil has already noticed which has directly affected ports around the ternative fuels for maritime transportation. 20, 2022.
this increase in ships, being induced main- world. New events occurred that deregulat- Energy Reports, 7, 2021, 1962-1985. ASSOCIAÇÃO DE TERMINAIS PORTUÁRIOS
ly in mineral commodities, but there is al- ed the international logistics chain, with a ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DOS ARMADO- PRIVADOS – ATP. Análise do setor, das ati-
ready an interest in increasing the size of direct impact on freight rates, as well as in RES DE CABOTAGEM. Números do setor. vidades e das finanças. Relatório anual.
container ships operating in our ports, due terms of congestion due to the closing of Available at: https://www.abac-br.org.br/ Available at: https://www.portosprivados.

690 BLUE ECONOMY Maritime Transport and Port Infrastructure 691