Page 644 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

slope. According to Stranne et al. (2019), manages to pass through this filter and different locations. The objective is to study oil equivalent (9.621 billion pre-salt), which
this phenomenon produces faults and frac- leak to the seafloor, forming giant plumes the rates of biogenic methane generation puts the country in a privileged position.
tures that allow massive migration of gas- of gas that reach heights of 900 m in the by comparing drilling results, experimental However, when looking specifically at the
rich fluids through the GHSZ. This massive water column. Rates of methane release to models and numerical models, the relation- issue of natural gas, the scenario changes,
vertical flow fuels the anaerobic oxidation the ocean were estimated to be between ship between shallow versus deep sources leaving Brazil in a fragile position. This is be-
of methane, but most of the methane 46.44 and 304.1 MgCH4/year. of biogenic methane and the biogeochem- cause the constant water crises (droughts)
ical reactions that affect the amount of resulting from climate change resulted in
Looking to the future methane accumulated in sediments, and a significant increase in this resource for
how these impact the global carbon cycle the use of gas-dependent thermoelectric
From all the above, the great advance Marion Dufresne. The objective is to study and the transfer of carbon to the ocean. plants. According to the Brazilian Associ-
obtained in the knowledge of the occur- the past climatic history of the equatorial Such projects will allow Brazil to contin- ation of Piped Gas Distributors (Abegás),
rences of gas hydrates in Brazil is remark- margin of Brazil over the last few million ue studies on the potential use of this re- in 2021 an average of 76.043 million m³/
able, especially with regard to the areas of years, to determine the behavior of gas hy- source as an energy source in the future. day of natural gas was consumed, and ap-
Foz do Amazonas and Rio Grande Cone. drates in relation to high-impact submarine Today, national production of hydrocarbons proximately 34 million were destined for
Through the collection of samples carried landslides and to assess the extent of gas is mainly focused on the pre-salt layer. Ac- thermoelectric plants. The resumption of
out by the TUCUXI and CONEGÁS projects, leaks in the Amazon Fan area, as a whole. cording to the National Petroleum Agency national economic growth will also lead to
it was possible to characterize the associ- CALYPSO piston cores will be used with the (ANP), in February 2022, 3.754 million bar- a rise in consumption of inputs. On the oth-
ated gases and determine the geochemi- ability to recover up to 70 m of sediment, rels of oil equivalent per day were produced, er hand, according to ANP reports, national
cal and biological aspects that help in the resulting in approximately 300 m of cores, with 75% of this volume coming from pre- production, although growing, was around
understanding of their genesis and their recovered from different selected sites. salt reservoirs. In 2021, Brazilian reserves 134 million m³/day, most of which came

behavior over geological time. The works In the area of the Rio Grande Cone of reached a volume of 13.24 billion barrels of from gas associated with oil.
resulting from these analyses arouse the the Pelotas Basin, the IODP#394 mission will Thanks
interest of the world scientific communi- possibly be executed, an accomplishment
ty due to the importance of hydrates not of the International Ocean Discovery Pro- Our thanks to PETROBRAS for the of the importance of the partnership with
only as an alternative energy resource, but gram (IODP) using the oceanographic ship partnership and financial support to SeaSeep Dados de Petróleo Ltda. and the
also because of their importance for under- JOIDES Resolution (Joint Oceanographic the CONEGAS Project (2010-2021). We teams of the vessels Inspector II (mission
standing the carbon cycle and its impacts Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling), a also thank those who participated in the TU15, 2015) and Teknik Perdana (mission
on climate change. Thus, two international ship of scientific drilling for the collection oceanographic missions carried out during TP15, 2015) without which the execution
scientific cruises are planned. As in previ- and studies of marine rocks and sediments. this period, in particular the teams of the of the TUCUXI Project would not have
ous cruises all samples were retrieved from The studies will be carried out through the scientific ships Marechal Rondon (mission been possible.
the most superficial part of the sedimenta- cooperation of several international and MR11, 2011), Marion Dufresne (missions We are grateful to the National Petro-
ry column (maximum 20 m in length), the Brazilian institutions. Among the universi- MD186, 2011 and MD195, 2013), Rig leum Agency – ANP for providing the seis-
new cruises will contemplate deeper cores. ties are the Brazilian PUCRS, UFRGS, FURG Supporter (mission NR12, 2012), EM Lead- mic data. Finally, we thank the geologists
In the Foz do Amazonas Basin, a coop- and USP, Linnaeus University (Sweden),
eration project is planned between Brazil- the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory er (mission EM14, 2014), and Super Pesa Rosalia Barili and João P. Zielinski for re-
viewing the manuscript.
XIII (mission SP20, 2020). Our recognition
ian universities (PUCRS, UFRGS, UNISINOS, and Rice University (USA), the University of
USP, UFF, UERJ and UFESP), Linnaeus Uni- Bremen (Germany) and the Japan Agency
versity, in Sweden, and French research for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
institutes (IFREMER, GEOAZUR and LSCE), (Japan). Five wells will be drilled, with
using the French oceanographic vessel, depths between 200 and 800 m, in five

642 BLUE ECONOMY State of the Art of Gas Hydrate Occurrences 643