Page 451 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

4. Private sector benefiting from observed data and advances in
operational oceanography

Despite the Blue Economy concept, by tidal and wind effects. Daily sampling
combining oceanography development of freshwater inputs and river sediments
opportunities with the defense and protec- is necessary for biogeochemical investiga-
tion of the environment, it is still subject tion, harmful algal blooms, and impact of
to debates, in particular regarding gov- pollutants in coastal areas. The prediction
ernance and potential conflicts between of garbage scattering, pollutant diffusion
stakeholders (Voyer et al., 2018; CISNERO and oil slick displacement in coastal regions
Figure 3. Results of the SisMOM Experi- responding to the number of days prior -MONTEMAYOR, 2021), a number of mar- requires modeling at a scale of at least 1
mental Situation Room: (left) location to the coastline touchdown date) and
of touch points for oilseed residues on colored dots, indicating the temporal/ kets or sectors are already clearly defined. km and at high frequency that considers
the coast of Paraíba between 12/31/2021 spatial proximity of oil tankers; (c) pro- Table 1 shows the sectors used by CMEMS the effects of tides and the coupling with
and 1/1/2022; (center) oil rout as compu- babilities of the presence of oil in the and some are associated with relevant ap- the boundary layer of the atmosphere.
ted by reverse Lagrangian trajectories water column according to modeling plications in Brazil and VOEs. Also identified The correction of these models with the
(gray stripe with central color line; cor- with the OSCAR model. in the table are observations that support observations through the assimilation and

Source: IBAMA, courtesy of Emanuel Giarolla Xavier, INPE and Angelo Lemos, UFSB sectors, potential developments and tar- improvement of the models requires spe-
get users. The South Atlantic observation- cific efforts, for example, with the creation
al system (FOLTZ et al.2019) already offers of a network of high frequency radar that
Other operational services in Brazil Paraná (UFPR), in Pontal do Paraná, with data from PIRATA, Argo and satellites that would complement meteorological radar.
support from private companies and Brazil- allow adequate corrections of mesoscale Close to ports, tide gauges and other sen-
Ocean forecasts are also used by the ian government agencies (see: https://por- ocean circulation models. Recent efforts sors could provide the required reference
offshore oil industry to guide drilling exe- tal.brazilianseaobservatory.org). It employs in biogeochemical modeling together with of the “truth” of the physical state for fore-
cution and equipment use, by the tourism CMEMS products and runs a regional assimilation of chlorophyll and color data casting systems.
and water sports industry to help define ocean model with 3-5 times higher reso- from satellites, for example, provide access Table 2 presents a non-exhaustive list of
safer and faster routes, for recreation and lution than the global model. Recently, it to the description of some key parameters applications where observed data are used,
by the fishing industry. The latter, in par- has also started using CHM products de- of the biological and carbon cycle at the tools and approaches, observational sys-
ticular, benefits from the forecast of cooler veloped in the context of REMO. The main mesoscale, as presented in the CMEMS tems and users or potential users of the in-
waters and with more chlorophyll, since objective is to provide high resolution esti- catalogue. This allows for the development formation. It can be seen that only part of
under these conditions there is a greater mates of ocean dynamics in coastal regions of applications and services associated those interested in Brazil today can benefit
probability of the presence of schools. off the coast of southern and southeastern with large-scale climate variability. Howev- from operational oceanography and ocean
A recent example of an intermediate Brazil. Other user cases are presented by er, close to the coast and at smaller scales, services. In practice, key products for most
user of ocean forecasts is the Observato- CMEMS (https://marine.copernicus.eu/ser- many applications relevant to some initia- Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) and
ry of the Brazilian Sea based at the Center vices/use-cases) and most of them could be tives and users around the world are not yet EOVs on a medium scale in time and space
for Sea Studies at the Federal University of applied to Brazil. ready to be operationalized by interested are now offered by international centers
parties in Brazil. A coastal observation pro- such as CMEMS and NOAA, or by Brazil-
gram with high observational density is still ian initiatives such as REMO. Such products
needed along with high resolution models, are fully used by the research and academ-
bathymetry and assimilation, to provide ic community in Brazil, which is the first
better estimation of local sea level rises beneficiary of the existing advances. These

448 BLUE ECONOMIY From Observation to Data Use 449
448 BLUE ECONOMY