Page 445 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

the marine environment; and also support ships aimed at strengthening scientific and sector with forecasts of the intensity and gone and are undergoing intense changes,
the development of the scientific commu- technological actions in line with interna- direction of currents, for example, and as- mainly due to the increase in the concentra-
nity’s state-of-the-art in modeling and as- tional activities. sist in the planning of route adjustment, tion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,
similation in oceanography and meteorolo- Over the past two decades, the contin- reducing navigation time and carbon emis- pollution, and the transformation of natural
gy, in addition to the heavy computational uous improvement of the “basic” prod- sions. Furthermore, losses can be avoided vegetation around the world into areas for
cost capable of dealing with the mass of ucts of operational oceanography towards by anticipating or postponing the berthing agriculture, livestock, and expansion of cit-
information necessary to carry out esti- higher resolutions, greater accuracy, and of a ship for loading/unloading depend- ies. These phenomena have occurred and
mates of the current and predicted state of more complete representation of key vari- ing on a forecast of rough seas in the port do occur on a global scale over decades or
the oceans. This is the case in Brazil, where ables of physical, biogeochemical and eco- region of interest. Freighters spend an av- centuries, and the global ocean, as part of
science in oceanography at universities and system dynamics has increased the interest erage of 23.5 hours in ports (SIRIMANNE, the Earth system, has also changed. Objec-
research centers is supported to advance of new potential users. The greater interest 2019), but in Brazil they spent 1.66 days tively, in the global ocean, there has been an
knowledge about the marine environment of intermediate users capable of planning in 2020 (source: http://unctadstat.unctad. increase in ocean temperature not only at the
around the country, with the direct involve- new applications caused positive feedback org/). Delays and costs can then be reduced surface but also in the deep ocean, increase
ment of the Brazilian Navy, MCTI, Petro- in this development, convincing new users in Brazilian port operations with forecast- in mean sea level, drastic reductions in sea ice
bras and other institutions, contributing to about the reliability of the new services in ing and environmental monitoring, such cover, and changes in salinity, among others
observational programs such as PNBOIA, the context of the Blue Economy (SCHIL- as those offered by the SAMOA service in (IPCC, 2021). The association of precipitation
PIRATA, CLIVAR-Atlantic and groups ded- LER et al., 2016). In Europe, CMEMS is a Spain (FANJUL et al., 2018). anomalies and hurricane intensity, for exam-
icated to operational oceanography, such pioneer in designing new developments in Another sector that demands ocean ple, with the increase in SST in ocean basins is
as REMO. In these activities there is gov- operational oceanography focused on user forecasts is search and rescue, both in clear. Particularly, negative precipitation and
ernment support for international partner- needs (DRÉVILLON et al., 2018). coastal regions and in the open sea. The cloud formation anomalies were recorded in
predicted currents with horizons of hours southeastern Brazil and adjacent ocean in the
3. From observations to applications and operational services to days or weeks serve for specialists to de- summer of 2013/2014 (RODRIGUES et al.,
fine the search areas and can reduce the 2019). These anomalies, caused by complex
Forecast users and operational the most important of the types of trans- rescue time for the benefit of saving lives teleconnections in the atmosphere between
oceanography applications port in relation to the volume of goods, and property, in addition to reducing the the circulation in southeastern South Amer-
reaching approximately 80% of the vol- cost of rescue operations and the wear ica and the distribution of deep convection
Several sectors in the operational ocean- ume transported worldwide in 2018. This of personnel and material involved. This in the South Pacific, had serious negative
ography market have been identified in the represents 11 billion tons of transported allows services to organize themselves to impacts on water supply, agricultural pro-
last two decades by GODAE and GODAE goods, which perceive a growth of about respond to other emergency situations in a duction, and the increase in the SST of the
OceanView. These include maritime trans- 3% per year (SIRIMANNE, 2019). In Brazil, shorter period of time. Southwest Atlantic. This event was another
port and navigation safety, search and res- more than 10 million containers transited Ocean observations are fundamental, not strong indication of the intensification of the
cue, oil and gas industry, military and naval through ports in 2020, 16th in the world only for knowledge about the physical and occurrence of maritime heat waves in the re-
defense operations, short-term to seasonal ranking (source: http://unctadstat.unctad. biogeochemical state of the current ocean gion from 1982 to 2016.
weather forecasting, fisheries, fish farming, org). This economic sector is anticipating and operational oceanography, but also for Another example of the importance of
recreation, tourism and environmental pro- strong adaptation, first, due to the rising climate studies. These require long time se- monitoring the ocean is the relationship
tection (SCHILLER et al., 2018). cost of fossil fuel and, second, due to en- ries of data collected by perennial monitoring between the distribution of precipitation in
Among the sectors that benefit most vironmental concerns associated with air systems that allow a faithful characterization Northeast Brazil and the SST of the tropical
from ocean forecasts is navigation safety, and sea pollution, climate change and risks of the variability of the past climate in rela- Atlantic. The intensity of the rainy season
involving both cabotage and international to transport infrastructure. Operational tion to the present climate. The global ocean in northern Northeastern Brazil is linked to
cargo transport. Maritime transport is today ocean services were developed to serve the and the entire Earth’s climate have under- the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which

442 BLUE ECONOMIY From Observation to Data Use 443