Page 485 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

(computers, robotics and process control). It organisms and ecosystems present prom- and investment plans, combined with an processing techniques, gene vectors and
is, therefore, a complex network of knowl- ising opportunities and great potential for assessment of support actions. In this type RNA, bioinformatics, and nanotechnolo-
edge where science and technology inter- sustainable growth. Marine bioresources of policy development process, it is essential gy). These are disease-resistant cultivable
twine and complement each other (Figure 1). have untapped potential as a source of to first arrive at a clear definition of marine organisms, biodegradable plastics, more
Marine Biotechnology, or Blue Biotechnology, new products and processes and can help biotechnology, then formulate appropriate efficient detergents, biofuels, as well as
is defined in this chapter as the application of Brazil face global challenges in promoting indicators of the effects of policy actions, cleaner industrial processes, bioremedi-
science and technology to living marine or- health and generating food and energy. and finally proceed with evaluation. ation of pollutants, diagnostic tests, and
ganisms, as well as their parts, products, and Thus, in addition to contributing to sus- For Brazil, marine biotechnology, which more effective medicines. In general, they
models thereof, to optimize the production tainable socioeconomic development and uses marine bioresources as a source for include product knowledge (technical
of knowledge, goods and services. strengthening national industries, marine biotechnological development, represents know-how) generated from biotechnol-
As a result of significant scientific ad- biotechnology is expected to be one of the vector of scientific, technological, and ogy research and development. In the
vances over the last few years, marine bio- the fundamental mechanisms for realizing socioeconomic development for the areas emerging area of health, marine biopros-

technology has been considered a strate- this development potential. of Health (Natural Products and Pharma- pecting has proved to be essential, es-
gic area and, therefore, has aroused inter- Aware of this potential, several coun- ceuticals), Energy (Reactors and Biofuels), pecially in the study of natural products,
est in different sectors of the industry. Our tries have developed strategies to promote Materials (Biopolymers and Biocorrosion) which constitute the basis mainly for the
growing knowledge of marine biodiver- the growth of Marine Biotechnology. The and Defense (NBQR and Bioinvasion), in production of food based on alternative
sity and the subsequent development of implementation of these strategies has addition to representing Brazilian sover- proteins and for the development of new
technologies to access and study marine usually been accompanied by financing eignty in the South and Tropical Atlantic, pharmaceuticals, seeking in the near fu-
and in Antarctica (Figure 1). ture to meet the growing needs of the
In fact, it will not be possible to fully world’s population. On the other hand,
Figure 1. Industry sectors with potential association with develop the Bioeconomy and consequent- innovative applications through aquacul-
Marine Biotechnology ly the Blue Economy without the contribu- ture have also demonstrated impactful
tion of the oceans’ potential for the pro- strategies in food production, which con-
duction of biomass and food. Algae pro- verges on the important role of marine
duction from bio-based chemicals, plastics biotechnology for health and well-being
and biofuel has shown promise. Its appli- throughout life.
cation in the development of integrated Brazil has a coastline of 8,500km,
marine biorefineries for the production of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of
high-value biological products will be cru- 3,540,000km² which, added to the
cial to reduce the costs of this production 960,000km² of the proposed extension
and capitalize on available opportunities. of the Continental Shelf, total a maritime
Biotechnological products and process- area of 4.5 million km² – Amazônia Azul
es are part of our daily lives, bringing em- (Blue Amazon) ( Figure 2). This region con-
ployment and investment opportunities. tains oil, gas and mineral reserves and, as
Biotechnological products are defined as the main transport route for the country’s
products or services, whose development foreign trade, stands out in the national
is obtained from the use of one or more bio- economy. Allied to this, the multiplicity of
technological techniques (DNA/RNA, pro- natural resources, such as fishing, the in-
teins and other molecules, cell and tissue fluence on the Brazilian climate (in partic-
Source: Own Elaboration (2022)
culture and engineering, biotechnological ular on rainfall and temperature) and the

482 BLUE ECONOMY Development of Marine Biotechnology 483
482 BLUE ECONOMY