Page 203 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

(EBN - Brazilian Shipping Company) and its However, the transport of goods in cab- Graph 1. Total cargo transported in cabotage (in tons)
wholly-owned foreign subsidiary or wholly- otage has been showing positive signs,
owned subsidiary of another EBN. A posi- even without the implementation of the BR 900.000
tive point is that such ships will be subject do Mar. The chart below shows the amount 800.000 782787
to the temporary admission regime and will of cargo handled in the last ten years.
be exempt from several federal taxes. There was a drop between 2014 and 700.000
In terms of competition, this is welcome, 2016, with a recovery from 2017 onwards.
as encouraging the entry of new ships into Since the truck drivers’ strike in 2018, cab- 600.000 534928 538858 567431
a concentrated market increases logistical otage began to receive greater attention 500.000 496212 486841 502733
competition with a major impact on reducing from the business sector, which saw the 424470 424375
freight. The difficulty for this scenario to be modal as a good transport alternative, es- 400.000 375829
realized in practice is the international con- pecially when it’s about long distances. We 300.000
centration of this market, which is increas- emphasize that there will always be depen-
ingly occupied by companies with great verti- dence on road transport, since transport by 200.000
calization and that occupy the maritime and ships does not meet the need door-to-door.
port terminals market in Brazil and abroad. The graph shows an increase of 37.95% in 100.000
In the current scenario, national ship- 2021. The growth in the share of contain- 0
owners face great difficulties in relation to erized cargo in the total is explained by the 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
the operational costs of their vessels, such exceptional expansion of the transport of
as the purchase of fuel at higher prices this cargo profile in the last decade. It is im- Source: ANTAQ (2022)
than those offered to foreign ships, and ex- portant to note that the market is currently
cessive labor costs, taking into account the experiencing a global crisis of the unavail- Graph 2. Number of ships in Brazilian cabotage
protectionism and benefits granted by the ability of containers, which has made some 25
Brazilian legislation (GONÇALVES & NEVES, commodities that are highly dependent on 22
2020). This makes the operating cost of a exports, such as coffee, need to resort to 21
Brazilian-flagged vessel excessively high, the sack mechanism again. 7 20 20 20 20
compared to the costs of foreign vessels, Along with the increase in cargo de-
and, consequently, contributes to the in- mand, there is an increase in the fleet of 16 16 15 16
crease in the Custo Brasil (Brazil Cost). It is container ships. The three main Brazil- 15
also added, to justify the increase, accord- ian companies operating in the cabotage 13
ing to Amorim et. al. (2021), which: segment are Mercosul Line Navegação e
Logística Ltda, of the CMA-CGM group, 10
the country has obstacles, which prevent Aliança Navegação e Logística Ltda., of the
greater use of maritime transport via cab- Hamburg Süd group and LOG-IN – Logísti-
otage. Among these obstacles, we can ca Intermodal S/A. 5
highlight: high tariffs in the sector for At the same time that there was an
loading, unloading, and storing goods; increase in the transport of containerized
bureaucracy in ports; in addition to a high cargo, there was also a reduction in the 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
tax burden, added to the low port infra- price of freight. The cabotage transport
structure and a limited number of vessels. represents a great advantage in terms of Source: ANTAQ (2022)

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200 BLUE ECONOMY Ocean Governance as a Communication Vector 201
Ocean Governance as a Communication Vector