Page 753 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

Figure 14. Interpolation of fishing effort (hours) for the Figure 15. Fencing net showing how it is towed during the siege process,
Brazilian fleet (grouped from 2013 to 2021) operating showing stages and the shape of the net itself
with surface gillnets in the Brazilian EEZ
50 0’0 W 45 0’0 W 40 0’0 W 35 0’0 W
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
5 0’0’’S 5 0’0’’S
o

10 0’0’’S 10 0’0’’S
o
o

15 0’0’’S 15 0’0’’S
o
o

Source: Modified from FAO Fishing Gear Type
Sul with Uruguay to the south of the state NATAFÉ et al., 2015; SPEDICATO et al.,
of Espírito Santo, with greater efforts in 2019). The size of the mesh of the nets can
20 0’0’’N 20 0’0’’N areas up to 100 meters deep (Figure 16). be adjusted in the region of the bag, there
o
o
Atlantic Other species are also captured by this is equipment specially directed to the reg-
Ocean fleet, such as mullet (Mugil spp.), bluefish ulation of the mesh opening to select the
(Pomatomus saltatrix), mackerel (Scomb- species that will be captured, these nets
25 0’0’’S 25 0’0’’S erjaponicus), slab sardine (Opisthonemao- being kept horizontally by buoys and ver-
o
o
glinum), pompano (Chloroscombruschry- tical anchors (or doors) (FAO, 2022; SPEDI-
surus), cockerel (Selene setapinnis) and CATO et al., 2019).
Isobath 200m
yellowtail (Brevoortia spp.), among others Generally, in large vessels, equipment is
Isobath 100m (VALENTIN &PEZZUTO, 2006). used for the management of trawls, such
30 0’0’’N Isobath 50m 30 0’0’’N as sensors that identify speed, symmetry,
o
o
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 2.6 The trawl net capture, depth, distance and height, net
Fishing Efforts (hours) Trawls (Figure 17) have a cone shape drums are also used to release and collect
Value that depend on the mesh opening and the nets (FAO, 2022). Trawlers have vari-
High : 177,5
35 0’0’’S 35 0’0’’S can be directed to the pelagic, mid-water ations, being called factory trawlers and
o
o
Low : 0,01
o
o
o
50 0’0 W 45 0’0 W 40 0’0 W 35 0’0 W or bottom environment (FAO, 2022). They freezer trawlers, which are used to ensure
o
o
o
o
o
have a horizontal opening that is connect- the integrity of the resource fished in more
0 190 380 760 1.140 1.520 1.900 ed to one or two (trawlers) vessels, in which distant waters (HOFF & FROST, 2007).
Kilometers
they tow the net, even two parallel trawls In Brazil, the port trawl modality has
Source: Authors based on Global Fishing Watch (2022)
(twin nets) can be used (SARMIENTO- two distinct fleets, the double and single
750 BLUE ECONOMY Fishing Exploitation in the Brazilian Economic Zone 751
750