Page 716 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

In this context, ocean health has become place within the scope of sovereignty, terri- 2. Maritime Spaces, Security and Economic Activity
an imperative of our time and the conceptu- torial integrity, or offense to national inter-
al debate associated with these phenomena ests at sea, the country’s defense capacity The understanding that the delimitation coastal State, especially in the areas of its
has generated new expressions or updated provided by the Armed Forces becomes of maritime spaces is fundamental for inter- responsibility, since safe waters combined
existing meanings. One example is the rise paramount. In either case, the Brazilian national security and for the shared use of the with natural resources attract interests and
of the “blue economy”, which emerged as Navy (MB) has a central responsibility, as oceans has led the international community investments. Therefore, the institutions cre-
a way to draw attention to the need for a the Navy Commander is designated by law to seek governance instruments in this area. ated to provide maritime security or restore
more intelligent and thoughtful use of abun- as the Brazilian Maritime Authority. A significant advance was achieved with the it in case of need are fundamental.
dant marine resources for development. The It is worth remembering that the afore- signing of the United Nations Convention on It is worth remembering that the integrat-
blue economy allows itself to be thought mentioned capacities gain concreteness in the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in Montego ed Naval Power must contribute to a broad
of by a myriad of activities for the gener- their material, human and organizational Bay, Jamaica, in December 1982. Formally spectrum defense of national maritime inter-
ation and exchange of goods and services bases. The existence of well-equipped and in force after the sixtieth signature of a state ests. In addition to the classic naval defense
that, in some way, are related to maritime trained forces, with command and con- party, in 1994, the Convention today has the against state actors, it must also guarantee
spaces and coastal strips of land. The term trol and support infrastructure, is a funda- ratification of 168 members, including Brazil. the security of these interests against illicit
suggests a development model that does mental requirement. The construction and Among the fundamental concepts es- and dynamic and multifaceted threats. Like-
not only consider the business perspective maintenance of these forces require invest- tablished in the Convention to define mar- wise, in another sense of safety (safety), it
but takes into account the impact of ocean ments and mobilize sectors of the economy itime spaces are: inland waters, territorial must safeguard human life at sea and the
health on climate and coastal ecosystems, linked to the sea, to meet the demands of sea (TS), contiguous zone, exclusive eco- safe traffic of vessels and, additionally, con-
in line with the UN sustainable development naval construction, combat systems, com- nomic zone (EEZ), extended continental tribute to the protection of the environment.
agenda (WORLD BANK, 2017). munications equipment, sensing, propul- shelf (ECS) and high seas. This conceptual It is important to deepen the two axes that
It must be considered that the leverage sion, maintenance and logistics in general, framework is the basis for dealing with se- contribute to maritime security mentioned
of economic activity cannot do without an naval bases, port activities, just to name a curity and defense issues. above. In the case of security, in order to pro-
environment of security and stability, in few examples. In the Brazilian case, the enormous ex- vide “Maritime Protection”, the coercive use
which actors feel free from threats. In mar- Thus, State instruments for the legiti- tension of the area formed by the sum of of a portion of naval forces is considered, to-
itime spaces, there is a strong demand for mate use of force at sea have a double the MT, the ZEE and the extended ECS gave gether with other government agencies, in-
instruments of governance and the pres- contribution to the development of eco- rise to the concept of “Amazônia Azul (Blue cluding the Federal Police, Federal Revenue,
ervation of good order at sea. Thus, the nomic activity in the maritime environ- Amazon)”. It contains 95% of the oil and IBAMA, in interagency operations, against
maintenance of maritime safety requires an ment. On the one hand, for the preser- 80% of the gas produced in the country, illicit acts such as: piracy, armed robbery,
appropriate legal system and the existence vation or rescue of maritime security, pro- in addition to other mineral resources that sabotage, smuggling, illegal fishing, drug
of procedures for the implementation and viding timely responses to any threats that constitute reserves of strategic importance. and human trafficking. Regarding the safe-
guarantee of this system. may arise; on the other hand, as an induc- The importance of maritime communication ty/safety case, the objective is that the safe
In a context where threats of different er of national development as it generates lines is highlighted, in which maritime traffic traffic of vessels is carried out in accordance
natures are manifested in the maritime en- demands for a wide range of materials accounts for 95% of Brazilian foreign trade. with the laws and regulations in force, act-
vironment, the Armed Forces and, in par- and services of different natures, generally The fishing activity and the tourism industry, ing through inspections and surveys in order
ticular, the Navy, together with other secu- intensive in technology, stimulating vari- related to the beautiful Brazilian coastal re- to prevent water pollution, the occurrence
rity forces and State agencies, have a key ous sectors of the economy. gion, complement a scenario that requires of accidents and navigation incidents.
role in maintaining the security necessary Based on the context presented, this security and stability for the country’s eco- In the Brazilian case, in the organization-
for economic activity. If the threat is within chapter explores the contributions that Se- nomic development. al structure of the Defense sector, the Bra-
the scope of public security, police forces curity and Defense make to sustainable eco- Preserving safety in the maritime envi- zilian Navy prepares and employs the Naval
and agencies become essential. If it takes nomic activity in the maritime environment. ronment is a primary responsibility of the Power to fulfill its constitutional mission and

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