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Space Agency) and the American Space At- specific algorithms, to obtain spatial infor- There are many examples of monitor- Commission signed, in 2018, a Cooperation
mospheric Agency (NASA – National Aero- mation on the concentration of suspended ing that can be carried out using satellite Arrangement in the context of the Coperni-
nautics and Space Administration ) have material, concentration of chlorophyll-a, images generated by the Copernicus Pro- cus Program (https://www.rnp.br/noticias/
launched missions and programs to observe and concentration of organic material dis- gram, such as water quality, harmful algal copernicus-tecnologia-aliada-observacao-
the oceans in the last four decades, and solved in the ocean; Sentinel-3, launched blooms, mapping of areas conducive to from the earth). Within this agreement, the
the data collected by these sensors provide in 2016, takes the OLCI (Ocean and Land fishing, coastal erosion, oil spills at sea and Brazilian Space Agency (AEB), the National
sufficiently long series that allow studies on Color Instrument) sensor to observe the as a contribution to and protection of ma- Institute for Space Research (INPE) and ESA
the variability of essential climatic variables properties that give seawater color (ma- rine biodiversity. signed a Technical Cooperation Arrange-
to better understand the physical, biologi- rine phytoplankton, suspended particulate The provision of services by the Coper- ment, valid until 2024, to deal with access
cal and biochemical phenomena that occur matter and colored dissolved organic mat- nicus Program that allow timely access to to Sentinel data, data calibration activities
in oceans and coastal zones. ter), along with sensors which measure sea reliable data and information on the envi- and application development.
ESA has launched a series of missions surface temperature (SLSTR – Sea and Land ronment, civil protection, and citizen secu- Finally, according to Rayner et al.
over the past two decades focused on ocean Surface Temperature Instrument) and sea rity are part of the Europe 2020 Strategy (2019), there are four types of “end users”
observations to monitor important variables level (SRAL – SAR Radar Altimeter); Senti- for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth and beneficiaries of observations derived
such as sea level, sea state, sea surface tem- nel-4, aimed at monitoring air quality and in that region. The Program has benefited from satellites and data collection plat-

perature, sea ice thickness, ocean color, sea aerosols over Europe; and, finally, the Sen- public policies established by the EU, in forms (PCDs): “scientists”, who carry out
salinity, among other variables. tinel 5 and Sentinel 5P satellites, which help particular through the development of an research activities based wholly or partial-
In 2014, the European Commission, to- to monitor the Earth’s atmosphere. effective space policy, which provides the ly on marine measurements and observa-
gether with ESA and the Member States With the creation of the Copernicus Pro- necessary instruments to face some of the tions; the “operators”, who make use of
of the European Union (EU), established gram, ESA has sought to provide, directly main global challenges, as well as to meet ocean data and information to support
the Copernicus Program, which became and free of charge, satellite observations the related objectives in terms of climate their operational needs related to safe-
the European Earth Observation Program, and those obtained in the field to users in change and energy sustainability [in: REG- ty, economic efficiency, and protection
created by Regulation 377/2014 of the Eu- general, with the purpose of helping to bet- ULATION (EU) N. 377/2014 OF THE EURO- of the marine environment; the “political
ropean Parliament, with characteristics of ter understand planet Earth and find ways PEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL agents”, in supporting and formulating
continuity to the GMES program (Global of its sustainable management. The services of 3 April 2014 creating the Copernicus public policies, as well as monitoring their
Monitoring for Environment and Security). offered to users of the Copernicus Program program]. (https://www.dgterritorio.gov. compliance and effectiveness; and “public
The main objective of the Copernicus are based on data obtained at sea by in- pt/sites/default/files/ficheiros-cartografia/ agents”, whose general interest is the use
Program is to provide services based on strumented buoys, meteorological stations, Regulamento_377_2014.pdf). of data and information from coastal and
satellite and in situ field data that allow and air quality monitoring networks, which, The Ministry of Science, Technology, oceanic regions to support leisure or recre-
us to observe the state of our planet. To when integrated, are used to calibrate and and Innovations (MCTI) and the European ational activities.
this end, the Program has planned a set of validate the data obtained by the satel-
“satellite” missions, called Sentinel, coordi- lite sensors. In the case of marine services,
nated by ESA, in which each Sentinel mis- which include the observation of oceans
sion focuses on an aspect of observing the and coastal areas, this data can be accessed
Earth, atmosphere, oceans, and land cover, through the website: https://insitu.coperni-
as follows: Sentinel-1 carries a Synthetic cus.eu/. The Copernicus Program also offers
Aperture Radar (SAR); Sentinel-2 carries products derived from the Sentinel family of
sensors capable of obtaining multispectral satellites (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3
images of oceanic and coastal regions (spa- and Sentinel-5P) through the website: Open
tial resolution of 10m), allowing, through Access Hub (https://scihub.copernicus.eu/).

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