Page 391 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

et al., 2017), discharge model (BORBA and series of fixed stations according to those Public Notice, the MCTI placed an order for puting and data storage service; 7. Study of
ROLLNIC, 2016; PRESTES et al., 2020), Am- existing in the SiMCost network, as well as the development of the Multiuser System unmanned marine systems; and 8. Satellite
azon Plume (MASCARENHAS et al., 2016), the maintenance of long-term ecological for the Detection, Forecast and Monitoring constellation study. Artificial intelligence
salt intrusion in estuaries (VALENTIM et al., research initiatives (LTER/PELD) are strategic of Oil Spots at Sea - SisMOM, supported algorithms will be applied across the eight
2018), microplastic (NOVAES et al., 2020) for the permanent assessment of the state by resources emanating from the National goals of the project, and the expected final
and meiofauna (BAIA et al., 2021). of ocean acidification and its impact on bio- Fund for Scientific and Technological De- product is a set of information in support
diversity in the country. velopment (FNDCT), through the Financier of AJB surveillance by Brazilian marine and
Brazilian Research Network on of Studies and Projects (FINEP). SisMOM in- environmental authorities.
Ocean Acidification (BrOA) Multi-user Detection, Forecasting volves 21 institutions and more than 100 SisMOM will be implemented with the
and Monitoring System for Oil Spots scientists, representing an inter-institution- monitoring of the Brazilian Navy person-
Ocean acidification refers to the decline at Sea – SisMOM al technical-scientific cooperation initiative, nel engaged in the implementation of the
in seawater pH, carbonate ion concentra- aimed at monitoring and ocean modeling Amazônia Azul (Blue Amazon) Monitoring
tion and the consequent decrease in the Marine pollution from human activities, for the detection of oil spills at sea. The System (SisGAAz), which aims to monitor,
saturation state of calcium carbonate in such as oil spills, littering, especially plastics project consists of eight interconnected in an integrated way, the AJB and the in-
seawater. These changes in seawater chem- (from macro to microplastics), and chem- goals, namely: 1. Detection of vessels at ternational areas under the country’s re-
istry are caused by the increase in atmo- icals in the sea pose a growing threat to sea; 2. Detection of oil slicks at sea; 3. Mod- sponsibility, to support operations search
spheric concentration of CO from human marine ecosystems. eling of oil dispersion at sea; 4. Situation and rescue and rapid response in cases of
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emissions and the subsequent absorption The project to develop a Multiuser Sys- room integrating goals 1 to 3; 5. Coupled threat, emergency, environmental disaster,
by the oceans of about one-third of the ex- tem for the Detection, Forecast and Mon- ocean-atmosphere modeling; 6. Supercom- conflict or criminal activity.
cess carbon in the atmosphere (DONEY et itoring of Oil Spills at Sea – SisMOM arises
al., 2009; JIANG et al., 2019). from the realization of an urgent need for 5. Observation networks from orbital platforms
The Brazilian Ocean Acidification Net- surveillance of incidents of oil spills in Bra-
work (BrOA) was created in 2012 by a group zilian jurisdictional waters (AJB), from the The use of remote sensing tools to mon- biological carbon bomb; converting in situ
of scientists interested in the marine carbon colossal oil spill oil that reached the coast itor the oceans is an enabling element for measurements of particle behavior to es-
cycle and the anthropogenic effects of CO of Brazil during the months of August and a better scientific understanding of the timate global export, converting observa-
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on seawater. The network currently has re- December 2019 (SOARES et al., 2022; NO- ocean, gains in economic and operational tions with optical sensors into size, type,
searchers from 14 universities and research BRE et al., 2022). efficiency, supporting a wide range of so- concentration and flows of particles in the
institutions in Brazil, whose main research Several initiatives were undertaken by cial and economic benefits related to na- oceans; the reconstruction of vertical pro-
topic is the observation of open marine and the federal and state public authorities, tional security and sovereignty, operational files of properties mapped superficially by
oceanic coastal areas (KERR et al., 2016), which culminated in the opening of funding efficiency, and regulation. of coastal and the remote sensors; the analysis and detec-
comprising the assessment of the effects fronts for research projects. Among these, oceanic activities (LENTINI & MENDONÇA, tion of patterns of mesoscale structures in
of ocean acidification in marine organisms the Public Call MCTI/CNPq n. 06/2020, in 2022), consequently, of high importance oceans and coastal zones (oceanic fronts,
through bioassays or in situ studies. The which 15 research projects were contem- for the Blue Economy. vortices, etc.).
BrOA network identified the ecosystems plated and, through the addition of financial When the results of experiments in lab- The use of passive and active sensors
most sensitive to ocean acidification such resources from part of the Brazilian Navy, oratories, modeling and analysis of data aboard satellites that detect electromag-
as coral reefs and rhodolith beds along the four projects were contemplated exclusive- obtained in situ and by satellites are gath- netic radiation from different parts of the
eastern and northeastern shelf of Brazil. The ly aimed at monitoring and forecasting oil ered, great advances occur in the field of spectrum is now a reality and significant
extension and heterogeneity of the Brazil- slicks in the AJB. Based on the quality gain oceanic research, fully usable by the na- advances have occurred in recent decades.
ian coast and the Exclusive Economic Zone foreseen by the cooperative work between tional and international productive sec- Different space agencies, in particular the
constitute a challenge to be overcome. Time the networks of institutions formed by this tor. Examples are: the investigation of the European Space Agency (ESA – European

388 BLUE ECONOMY Ocean Observation 389