Page 325 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

As stated earlier, the state will, unfolded highest-level instrument must be “policy”, The last decade (2010-2020) has shown national Act, as occurred with the Integrat-
in subsequent actions for a given sector, is which must say “what is wanted”; from the beginning of a turning perspective ed Maritime Policy of the European Union,
not expressed only by a law or a norma- it unfolds the “strategy” (“how to do it”) throw the sea. If, by 2010, just over a doz- 2021. In other words, a clear reordering of
tive act. It consists of a set of instruments. or “plans”, and so on. Therefore, some of en countries had consolidated instruments the international agenda focused on the sea
However, ideally, it should start from high- these mechanisms that are already in place, at the national level, there was an authentic can be seen, especially after the establish-
er levels for ensuing actions. The classic undergoing cyclical improvement, or iden- movement towards the institution of new ment of the UN – 2030´ Agenda and the
theoretical construction of the strategic tified as urgent to be instituted, and de- policies by other States and, also, of revision choice of the period 2021-2030, popularly
planning system already predicts that the serve to be highlighted. by those that already had them. Among known as the “Decade of Ocean Science”. 4
those who reviewed, we can mention: Por- Thus, there is a global harmony of in-
2. Brazil and the global perspective
tugal, USA, and United Kingdom. New ones stitution or review of state positions in re-
The choice of arrangement of instru- showed an eminently environmental bias have joined the select group: Spain (Spain lation to the sea. Some more aligned with
ments for publicizing, at a national level, a in relation to the marine ecosystem: Chi- Integrated Maritime Policy (2008), Chile: the environmental perspective, others more
state will on how to deal with the sea is a na – The Development of Marine Affairs of Chilean Maritime Policy (2017), Peru: Pe- holistic, showed beyond this perspective
manifestation, mostly and evidently, of an China; Russia – Marine Policy Document of ruvian Maritime Policy (2019), Philippines: their strategic objectives in relation to the
internal nature. However, it is also an exter- the Russian Federation; United Kingdom Philippine Maritime Strategy (2020) and geopolitical and economic maritime link. If
nal sign of how this State intends to man- – The Sea Change: The Marine Bill White India: Indian Maritime Security Strategy somehow Brazil was one of the pioneers in
age this relationship with the sea, which, Paper; or even the US – US Commission (201, revised in 2020). Added to this is an this formalization (with its National Mari-
as Hugo Grottius stated, is something that on Ocean Policy. An Ocean Blueprint for innovative movement to consolidate formal time Policies of 1984 and 1994), this is the
unites everyone on the planet. the 21st Century” Executive Summary of public policy at the regional level, achieving moment of its readjustment to the new
There is an international clamor for the Final Report. Therefore, some already the status of a policy instituted by an Inter- world system.
these national “policies” to be framed. For demonstrated this vocation as an instru- 3. Public Policy Instruments aimed at the sea at the national level
example, UNESCO, an UN system organi- ment other than a “policy” but rather mak-
zation and distinct from DOALOS (Division ing use of “White Books” or “Blue Books”. A country with continental dimensions 1981) and others with an apparently trans-
for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea), Others were consolidated in specifically dif- like Brazil, with a coastline of more than versal interest, but which also keep mac-
kept track of which countries had, at least ferent documents, but with the same pur- 7,500 km deserves special attention for this ro-orientations for maritime activities; these
at the state level, some form of formaliza- pose: Canada – Canada’s Oceans Strategy; immense open door to the world and to the instruments include the National Defense
tion of their “policy for the sea”. A survey Norway – Report Number 12 to the Storting; riches coming from the sea. This national Policy - instituted by Decree Number 5,484,
carried out by the International Oceano- Portugal: National Ocean Strategy. Some will with maritime content is echoed in some of June 30, 2005 (BRASIL, 2005), the Na-
graphic Commission (updated only until even had, according to this survey, more than direct instruments and others more indirect. tional Policy on Solid Waste - established
2010) showed that until the end of the one instrument that consolidated this vision: For example, it remains undeniable that the by Law Number 12,305, of August 2, 2010
first decade of this century, few countries Portugal – National Ocean Strategy: Resolu- first and principal instrument is the National (BRASIL, 2010) and, even, the National Pol-
had it: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, tion 163/2006 and Resolution 40/2007 and Maritime Policy (NMP), which already exists icy on Climate Change - established by Law
Colombia, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Unit- Brazil: Decree 1265 on National Maritime and is in force, but which will be detailed in a Number 12,187, of December 29, 2009
ed Kingdom, Russia, and USA (IOC, 2010). Policy (NMP) and Decree 5377 on National specific analysis below. Among other instru- (BRAZIL, 2009) and the National Coastal
Still, the comparative sprit de la loi be- Policy on Marine Resources (NPMR). In other ments, are the National Policy on Marine Management Plan - instituted by Law Num-
tween them was quite distinct. While some words, Brazil was part of the select group Resources (NPMN) - established by Decree ber 7,661, of May 16, 1988 (BRASIL, 1988)
showed a macro view of the sea: Austra- of just over 10 states that had already con- Number 5,377, of February 23, 2005, the and regulated by Decree Number 5,300, of
lia – Australia’s Ocean Policy; Japan – Basic solidated “national public policies aimed at National Environmental Policy - established December 7, 2004.
Act on Ocean Policy; Colombia – National the sea”, citing our NMP (from 1994) and by Law Number 6,938 of 1981, updated by However, contrary to what one might
Oceans and Coastal Regions Policy; others our NPMR (from 2005). several new laws and later decrees (BRASIL, think, this state will also unfolds from the

322 BLUE ECONOMY Public Policies Aimed at the Sea 323