Page 323 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

the future. There are numerous and evolving cannot be confined to this chapter alone. environmental protection (among others) is Therefore, when one thinks about “pub-
conceptualizations, most of which converge, Precisely as a result of this need (and ab- a competitor of the Union, States and Feder- lic policies aimed at the sea”, in Brazil, one
from which a classic by Peters (1986, p. 37- sence), in 2018, the creation of the Maritime al District; the mineral resources, navigation has to understand that it is a very complex
40) is chosen here, which says that “public Policy Observatory (OPM) was proposed and and port regime is exclusive to the Union (art. set of matrix measures, which can be basic-
policy is the sum of the activities of govern- approved (through CAPES/MD Notice Num- 23, items X and XII) (BRAZIL, 1988). In turn, ally summarized at the national level as be-
ments, which act directly or through delega- ber 27/2018 of CAPES/MD - Pro-Defense IV coastal management encompasses munic- ing multiply influenced from four perspec-
tion, and that influence the lives of citizens”. Notice). The creation of the Maritime Policy ipal competences. This complex framework tives: by the theme addressed (transversal),
They must reflect both the interests of the Observatory (OPM), based and coordinated of competencies, attributions, and respon- by the physical environment for which it is
State and the “value” (which is more than at the Naval War School (RJ), was born out sibilities, sometimes exclusive, sometimes intended (geographic environment), by the
just its economic bias, as it includes intrinsic of cooperation with renowned institutions complementary or competing, is not easy to competence attributed to decide on a given
and extrinsic aspects) that the people give to spread across a large part of the national ter- elucidate. Hence, there is the option to focus public policy, or by the levels and types of in-
a given theme, here, in this case, to the sea ritory (UNB – Distrito Federal – decision-mak- on the main instruments of federal initiative .3 struments used to implement these policies.
that helped to consolidate the immense Bra- ing center of many PP; UFC and FURG); in Figure 1. Matrix of complications of Public Policies aimed at the sea
zilian nation (BEIRÃO, 2020). just over 3 years it has already added 20
Therefore, it is the manifestation of the other national and international institutions. By transversal theme: By geographic environment:
Public Power that decides directions (in Its objectives, which are also daring (follow- Fishing In the Coastal Zone
the Brazilian case, in general, coming from ing up, monitoring – including comparative Maritime transport In the territorial sea
the Executive and/or Legislative Powers, at studies, evaluating and proposing public po- Exploitation of mineral resources At Port Terminals
all levels) with a series of instruments to licies in six thematic areas) allow for a more Oil & Gas exploration In the Contiguous Zone
bring society together around a certain systemic and methodological view. 2 Renewable energy exploration In the Exclusive Economic Zone
path. It can come from typically normative Thus, it is intended to structure the Installation of Infrastructure (Submarine On the Continental Shelf
acts (laws, decrees, ordinances, normative present analysis, especially focused on its Cables, Platforms) In the Hydrographic Basins and their
instructions, plans, projects, etc.), from contribution to the Brazilian sea economy, Nautical Signaling connection to the sea
the rearrangement of the state machine based on the main instruments already in Maritime Security In coastal inland waters (bays,
(creation of agencies, new controlling, su- force (or in an evolutionary process), under Tourism lagoons, estuaries)
Water sports, among others
pervisory, promoters, accountability, etc.) the broadest national perspective, which
or even awareness-raising and training is the federal one. Certainly, such a mul- Public Policies
actions (advertising campaigns, booklets, tisystem issue deserves a joint approach. I for the Sea
inclusion in educational training, etc.). have already observed (Mello et al., 2019), By decision-making competence: By levels and types of Implementation
This is the complexity of studying public that activities at sea require coordinated Instruments:
policies: one cannot stick to only one of its actions to act in various areas and that it Exclusive - Union, States or Municipalities
Complementary (For example: the results
possible instruments. is up to politics (latu sensu) to coordinate obtained from the exploration of oil & By Complementary Law
By Ordinary Law arising from the
That said, when it is intended to address, different spheres of actions and intentions gas are shared in the form of royalties internalization of adhered International
more specifically, Public Policies aimed at the to take advantage of economic opportu- between the three levels of organization Acts and Ordinary Laws, around
sea, these would have an enormity of instru- nities that leverage strategic interest and of the Union; ditto for energy generation domestic policy
ments to be compared to absorb the intend- national development. The Brazilian Con- from water resources) By Decree
ed path in the national maritime vocation. stitution already provides for this distribu- Competitor: Fishing activity, By Plans and Programs
Also, much of this is an inducing factor for tion and/or accumulation of tasks. For ex- environmental regulation, science and By Regulatory, Normative Acts
the economy of the sea and national social ample, in its art. 24 (Section VI) says that technology

and economic development. Such a claim the management of fishing resources and Source: Author‘s elaboration

320 BLUE ECONOMY Public Policies Aimed at the Sea 321