Page 330 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

. In the national context, how has Brazil of the sea on the “international agenda” (environmental) theme, whether in the for- 5. There is no uniformity in the choice
structured policies at this level? This, then, were three almost omnipresent themes; estry, urban or maritime environment. Oth- of normative instrument, with four of them
presupposed a national comparative study. 3. The majority (8 out of 11) made a er examples are similar. instituted by Laws and three by Decrees.
. What is the best way of debating with point of explaining their “guiding princi- Thus, seven Brazilian National Policies
society so that the instrument could be ples” for which, despite being documents were analyzed, chosen according to three 3.2.3 The process of broad national
better elaborated, reflecting the multi- of a national nature, their inclusion makes criteria, their scope being national, the debate
ple social interests compared to national it clear to the International Society those theme being at least transversally related to
strategic interests? that h are the main choices of the State; the sea and their elaboration starting from a Social participation is something that
4. The majority chose to explain the similar collegiate system: National Policy for not only endorses the birth of a public pol-
3.2.1 The International Comparative main national interests (pointing out prior- Antarctic Affairs, National Defense Policy, icy, it reinforces its consistency and debate
Study: ities); National Urban Mobility, National Environ- and is always a process that enhances
5. In the enumeration of their objec- mental Policy, National Solid Waste Policy, perspectives. There are even regulations
Seventeen Outside National Maritime
Policies were analyzed, of which 11 were tives, most oscillated between 5 and 10 National Water Resources Policy, and Na- for this social participation, guaranteed
7
by the National Constitution and which,
objectives aimed at the sea;
selected that most resembled the pur- 6. There was a quantitative balance in tional Policy for Sea Resources (particularly although not explicit for the process in
poses of a NMP (others were more related the explanation of resulting/propositional analyzed above). This comparative study re- question, serve together as a good guid-
only to environmental issues): Australia, actions such as “control structures” (i.e., port sought to highlight similarities and dif- ing instrument. The Decree on the institu-
Canada, China, Colombia, Japan, Norway, bodies responsible for the Policy), time ferences in some indicators, namely: struc- tion of the IWG-NMP points in this direc-
ture, form of writing, institutionalization in-
Portugal, Russia, USA, Chile, and Peru. limits of validity, review predictability; only strument, introductory guidelines, existence tion when it says in its art. 3, § 3, that the
This comparative study report sought to 30% of them indicated financial alloca- of guiding principles, enumeration of objec- IWG Coordinator “may invite representa-
highlight similarities and differences in tions and performance indicators that al- tives and consequent/proposed actions. tives of other public bodies and entities
some indicators, namely: structure, form lowed better monitoring and evaluation. It In view of the 7 indicators, following and of private institutions and specialists,
of writing, institutionalization instrument, is worth noting that in the high-level plan- the methodology proposed by the Mari- to participate in its meetings, without the
introductory guidelines, international mar- ning system adopted in Brazil, the finan- time Policy Observatory, the IWG-NMPcan right to vote”.
itime environment - general approach, na- cial allocation would not be at the level of conclude that: Basically, this process of social participa-
tional maritime environment - governance “what you want” – policy, but in its con- 1. The most recently instituted policies tion can take place through three alterna-
approach, existence of guiding principles, sequences resulting from “how to achieve (after the year 2000) seek to have simi- tives: public procurement of subsidies, pop-
enumeration of national interests, objec- it” – strategy, programs or resulting plans. lar structures, built in an articulated and ular consultation, or public hearings. The
tives, and consequent/proposed actions. non-holistic way; main distinction between them is when
In view of the 10 indicators, following 3.2.2 The National Comparative
2. The articulated structure facilitates
the methodology proposed by the Mari- Study the identification of its central points and they are implemented. The first (public pro-
curement of subsidies) allows for broader
time Policy Observatory, the GTI- NMP can Contrary to what is expected, there objectivity; participation but can result in many differ-
conclude that:
are not many activities in Brazil that are 3. The articulated structure, in proposi- ent biases that make the process difficult
1. There was a quantitative balance of so multisystemic that they have a national tional terms, facilitates the eventual “politi- when in an embryonic stage. Therefore, it
similar international policies in the adoption guiding instrument. Most policies have a cal choice” to change the normative instru- was decided not to adopt it. Even so, there
of a discursive structure, several of them re- specific theme, even though they operate ment to be used (decree, law, etc.); has always been a concern to provide this
sembling exemplary academic studies and in different environments, not the other 4. The enumeration of objectives is broad national debate. If the sea is an au-
with data on the importance of the sea; way around. For example, the National En- present in all of them, without the expla- thentic multisystem environment, this is es-
2. The issue of international coopera- vironmental Policy (Law Number 6,938, of nation of priorities that remain in the re- sential for a National Policy to be effective
tion, ocean governance and the resumption August 31, 1981) deals with the sectoral sulting documents; and aggregating.

328 BLUE ECONOMY Public Policies Aimed at the Sea 329