Page 295 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

marine plastic pollution (Idem, 2018). transport of raw materials, manufactur- of Northeast Brazil, or Sargassum sp. that and future survival of human populations
Resolution UNEP/EA.5/L.23/Rev.1, at ing, waste treatment and entry into the causes the death of other species — enters under conditions of quality and dignity.
this point, shows itself as promising in environment. Plastics released into the en- the sphere of responsibilities, appearing as a This chapter is dedicated to demon-
filling these gaps, especially by expressly vironment also slowly release greenhouse question that concerns everyone, individually strating that marine pollution has been ad-
mentioning and recognizing that micro- gases, and the presence of (micro)plastics and collectively: it is a shared responsibility. dressed both by International Law and by
plastics are part of the marine pollution in the ocean seriously interferes with the To a greater or lesser extent and, in line Brazilian domestic law for several decades,
problem. Before that, however, despite the sea’s carbon-fixing capacity (SHEN, 2020). with the sanctions established in the rele- with legal approaches evolving along with
focus that the international community The increase in dissolved CO² causes a shift vant regulations, marine pollution is char- the advancing of scientific knowledge on
had already given to the problem of plas- in the balance of inorganic carbon species acterized as being a transboundary phe- the subject. At this point, it should be not-
tics in the ocean, the 26th United Nations in the ocean and moves the ocean’s pH nomenon that must be treated as a com- ed that the subsistence of important legal
Conference on Climate Change (COP 26), to the acidic side. As a result, the relative mon responsibility. Each potentially pol- gaps, such as the issue of plastic waste
held between 1 and 12 November 2021, amount of available carbonate decreases, luting agent can (and must) become a re- management in the ocean, has recently
an important forum for global discussions causing ocean acidification. Along with sponsible agent, according to the precepts begun to be addressed by the international
on the climate emergency and related en- plastic pollution, other phenomena such related to sustainable development: this is community in a more emphatic way, which
vironmental issues, did not directly address as acidification and warming of the seas, essential for the maintenance of adequate certainly demonstrates the urgency and rel-
the issue. The Global Environment Facility eutrophication and chemical pollution are conditions in the biosphere and the present evance of the topic in question.
Report for the 26th COP recognized that life major stressors that operate to negative-
on Earth fundamentally depends on clean ly affect the health and resilience of the References
air and water, biodiversity, healthy oceans, ocean (NETHERLANDS, 2020), which, on BEAUMONT, Nicola J. et al. Global novembro de 1969, e o Protocolo relativo
and lands, in addition to a stable climate; its turn, is essential for adapting to the cli- ecological, social and economic im- à Intervenção em Alto-Mar em Casos de
and, by identifying that the climate emer- mate emergency. pacts of marine plastic. Marine Pol- Poluição por Substâncias Outras que não
gency influences on sea level rise, flooding, The new Resolution on marine plastic lution Bulletin, volume 142, 2019. Óleo, feito em Londres, em 2 de novem-
coastal erosion, increase in extreme weather pollution, as well brings in its text the ob- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol- bro de 1973. Brasília, Diário Oficial da
events, bleaching of coral reefs and ocean servation that plastic pollution, in marine bul.2019.03.022. Available at: https:// União, 10.6.2008. Available at: http://
acidification (UN, 2020), made no mention and other environments, can be of a trans- www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-
of plastics in the seas and their effects. boundary nature and must be tackled, to- S0025326X19302061 2010/2008/decreto/D6478.htm. Access
This lack of pronouncement on plastic gether with its impacts through a full life #bbb0025. Access on: May 29, 2021. on: Mar. 14, 2022.
pollution is not in line with a holistic ap- cycle approach to plastics (UNEP/EA.5/L.23/ BECKMAN, Robert. State Responsibility BRASIL. Lei nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto
proach to the problem, as greenhouse Rev.1). This represents a promising approach, and Transboundary Marine Pollu- de 2010. Institui a Política Nacional de
gas emissions occur at all stages of the which could lead to the elimination of im- tion. Centre for International Law, Na- Resíduos Sólidos; altera a Lei no 9.605,
plastic life cycle, including extraction and portant legal gaps at the international level. tional University of Singapore. Available de 12 de fevereiro de 1998; e dá outras
at: https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/ providências. Brasília, DF, 2010. Diário
uploads/2014/02/Session-4-Beck- Oficial da União, 3 de agosto de 2010.
7. Final considerations
man-State-Responsibility-and-Transbound- Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/
ary-Marine-Pollution-27-Feb-paper.pdf. ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12305.
The consequences of littering at sea economy by interfering with the provision Access on: Mar. 3, 2022. htm. Access on: Mar. 10, 2022.
have been shown to be harmful, trigger- of ecosystem services. BRASIL. DECRETO Nº 6.478, DE 9 DE BRASIL. Plano Nacional de Combate ao
ing problems not only in the ocean, but Marine pollution, which results from JUNHO DE 2008. Promulga a Convenção Lixo no Mar – AGENDA NACIONAL DE
also on the Earth’s surface, either because various activities — and can be in the form Internacional relativa à Intervenção em Al- QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL URBANA Fase 1.
it affects the health of human beings, of plastic waste dumped on coastal coasts, to-Mar em Casos de Acidentes com Polu- Ministério do Meio Ambiente – Secretaria
or because it severely impacts the global oil slicks that run along the entire coast ição por Óleo, feita em Bruxelas, em 29 de de Qualidade Ambiental – Departamento

292 BLUE ECONOMY Marine pollution as everyone’s responsibility 293