Page 242 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

4.1 What are the benefits of MSP requirements for the protection, conser-
Brazil is one of the States that has the vation, use and defense of these areas
greatest responsibility in relation to its in the South Atlantic. The Table 2 shows
marine spaces under jurisdiction. This can examples of MSP benefits in three seg-
result in gains and development oppor- ments: ecological/environmental, eco-
tunities, but it presupposes international nomic and social.
Table 2. Examples of PEM benefits.
ECOLOGICAL/ Identification of important biological and ecological areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL Incorporation of biodiversity-related objectives into decision-making.
BENEFITS Identification and reduction of conflicts between human uses
and nature.
Space allocation for biodiversity and nature conservation.
Subsidies for planning marine protected areas.
Identification and reduction of cumulative effects of human activities
on marine ecosystems.
ECONOMIC Greater certainty of access to desirable areas for new private sector
BENEFITS investments, often amortized over 20 to 30 years.
Identification of compatible uses within the same development area.
Reduction of conflicts between incompatible uses.
Enhanced ability to plan for new and changing human activities,
including emerging technologies and their associated effects.
Greater safety during the operation of human activities.
Promotion of the efficient use of resources and marine space.
Rationalization and transparency in the procedures for permitting
and licensing areas for economic activities.
SOCIAL Improved opportunities for community and citizen participation.
BENEFITS Identification of the impacts of decisions on the allocation of ocean
space (e.g., closure of areas for certain uses, protected areas, etc.)
for communities and economies on land (e.g., employment, income
distribution).
Identification and better protection of cultural heritage.
Identification and preservation of social and spiritual values related
to the use of the ocean.
Source: Ehler and Douvere (2009, p. 21, our translation)
240 BLUE ECONOMY
240 BLUE ECONOMY
Among all the benefits of the MSP, in 4.2 Main difficulties
the economic segment, the contribution to
greater clarity of laws, public policies and Despite the MSP being an instrument that
other normative instruments that instill less is increasingly being sought as a regulatory
uncertainty in private and public invest- framework in dozens of countries, it can be
ments, and to the coastal State itself in the controversial. Vivero (2021) recalls that there
processes of assignment of areas marine. is a tendency for the MSP to encompass the
In general, large marine enterprises are entire legal framework governing coastal and
characterized by high costs, whether in the marine activities, but this can be difficult to
implementation, maintenance or demo- implement. On the other hand, the conver-
bilization phases, in addition to the need gence of all marine governance instruments
for adequate infrastructure on land (ports, and the intention to link them to the MSP
roads, railways, logistics warehouses, etc.) is due to the fact that some of these instru-
to meet demands from offshore activities. ments are outdated or outdated, being inad-
These are usually medium/long term ven- equate in the face of current challenges.
tures, often amortized over 20 to 30 years. The main difficulties encountered in the
In this context, for such economic activities elaboration of the MSP in Brazil are:
to be stimulated and developed to the full-
est, the coastal State needs to guarantee . Inexistence of a specific financing fund
some legal certainty for investors, which or budgetary resources provided exclusively
can be achieved through the MSP and its for its implementation;
. Lack of marine data and metadata made
Marine Spatial Management Plan. available by governmental and non-gov-
These negotiations between econom- ernmental institutions in the National Spa-
ic sectors, and especially those linked to
tial Data Infrastructure (INDE). Such infor-
marine conservation, may give rise to the mation is essential for the elaboration of
need to create hot spots . This is part of
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the elaboration of a MSP discussed by the a Marine Spatial Management Plan in line
representatives appointed by the sectors of with the various activities underway in the
maritime activities, which represent society. Amazônia Azul (Blue Amazon) and with
This is part of the democratic “game” and those planned for the coming years; and
. The need to strengthen the maritime
must always be sought to convert conflicts mentality and oceanic culture in the
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into opportunities. It is also necessary to un- country. The fragility of these two pillars
derstand some sectors that can and should
within Brazilian society can compromise
be privileged over others, in very specific
the desired effects of policies and other
situations, in case of economic and envi-
ronmental impasses (VIVERO et al., 2020). public management instruments aimed at
the sea.
Such difficulties show how much the mar-
itime nature of the population and the char-
acter of governments dedicated to the affairs
The Strategic Relevance of Marine Spatial 241