Page 236 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

are likely to change as the costs and bene- spaces, play a fundamental role in our con- case by case, without due consideration of Furthermore, in circumstances such as
fits of different management measures are temporary world. their impacts on other human activities or these, governments and decision makers
verified later. Analyzes of existing and future And in marine spaces it could not be the marine environment. are often only able to react to events when
conditions will change as new information different. New vital processes are sought, Consequently, this situation has led to it is too late, rather than having the option
is identified and incorporated into the MSP. but they come up against the use of tech- two main types of conflicts: of planning and shaping actions that could
Stakeholder participation will change as the niques, which are more sensitive and . Conflicts between human uses (user-us- lead to a brighter future. desirable for the
process develops over time. Given this, MSP available to central powers and some er conflicts); and marine environment.
is a dynamic process and planners must be transnational companies. Sustainable de- . Conflicts between human uses and the In this context, the MSP emerges as
open and attentive to accommodate the velopment involves investment and tech- marine environment (user-environment a future-oriented, proactive public man-
changes that will arise. nological improvement, in order to inte- conflicts). agement process that allows mitigating
It is worth remembering, however, grate these “Land-Sea-Air” relationships the two types of conflicts listed above, in
that the MSP goes beyond a political pro- both in natural processes and in socioeco- These conflicts weaken the oceans’ abil- addition to allowing the prior selection
cess, a tool, or a methodology. It is all nomic activities, rationalizing their occu- ity to provide the ecosystem services need- of appropriate management strategies to
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that, depending on the intended use, its pations and uses, thus reducing impacts ed by humans and other living beings that maintain and safeguard the necessary eco-
use and its political-strategic, econom- and threats to this ecosystem. inhabit the planet. system services.
ic, social and environmental motivation. In recent decades, there has been an
(VIVERO, 2021). increasingly intense migration of relevant
The immensity of these spaces is shown economic activities, mostly developed on
by the various natural, economic, strategic, land, to the three dimensions of the sea.
and geopolitical characteristics that sur- This statement can be corroborated by the
round the extensive Brazilian coast. These advance of offshore oil and gas explora-
spaces involve a varied and complex eco- tion, by the generation of renewable ener-
system: the ocean in the South Atlantic gy (replacement of hydroelectric plants by
(VIVERO et al., 2020). devices for generating energy from marine
“Studying and getting to know the sea currents and waves; or from onshore wind
is still like opening a Pandora’s box” (MAU- fields by offshore wind fields), by aquacul-
RY 2007 apud CASTELO, 2022). It is neces- ture (onshore crops for offshore crops) and
sary to pay attention to the interfaces that by agriculture itself, moving to algaculture,
involve the sea surface - which extends al- with the rapid advance of the cultivation
most uniformly along about 7,367l km of of marine algae with high economic and
coast - with the atmospheric column and nutritional value.
with the water column, with the bottom, In light of the above, most countries
which is more complex, but not least. have already designated or zoned their
The ability to develop these three di- respective marine spaces for a number of
mensions of the sea: the surface, the sub- human activities, such as: maritime trans-
merged and the one that surrounds the port, oil and gas exploration, offshore
space above the sea, is driven by technolo- renewable energy, offshore aquaculture,
gy. As Milton Santos (1994) perceives, sci- mining, and garbage disposal. However,
ence, technology, and information, present in most cases, this zoning of marine spac-
at the basis of the use and functioning of es was done in isolation, sector by sector,

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The Strategic Relevance of Marine Spatial