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plementation. In terms of the intended plant output y also presenting the same accurate harmful effect (over-
( ), Fig. 2 and Table I demonstrate that the performan- shoot) on the plant.
ce of the optimized attack herein proposed (in both
PSO-based and BSA-based versions) is quite similar
to the original attack. Note that the outcomes shown
in Fig. 2 indicate that all attack versions provide high
accuracy with regard to the overshoot parameters Υ,
, , ρ and specified in ℱ , ℱ and ℱ of (5),
1 2 s 1, j 2, j 3, j
described in Section III.

(a) Original BSA-based attack

Fig. 2. Plant input ( ) for each attack implementation.

TABLE I. OVERSHOOT ACCURACY

(b) Optimized BSA-based attack
Original Optimized Optimized
BSA-based BSA-based PSO-based
attack attack attack

1.5007 1.5064 1.5021

0.0035 0.0286 0.0134

Fig. 3 shows the statistics of the total amount of
frames that the attacker caused the loss in the control
and feedback signals to produce the desired overshoot
on the plant. From Fig. 3 it is possible to note that the
optimized attack proposed in this paper (in both BSA
and PSO-based versions) is able to reduce the total (c) Optimized PSO-based attack
amount of frames dropped when compared to the ori-
ginal BSA-based attack. In the original BSA-based at- Fig. 3. Statistics on the total of frames lost in each attack
tack [7] the average of dropped frames is 54.43. In the version.
optimized PSO-based attack the average of dropped
frames is 47.31. The most efficient attack is obtained Discussion
with the BSAbased attack, where the average of total
dropped frames is 46.89. It means that the optimiza- Generally speaking, the OT level of industrial
tion proposed in this work (specially the BSA-based control networks is characterized by a very stable tra-
attack) is able to reduce the number of dropped frames ffic profile. Relations between sensors/actuators and
in 13.85%, when compared to the original approach, controllers are traditionally known since the design
of the automation task, and they rarely change during

88 REVISTA ACADÊMICA CIENTÍFICA DO CIAW