Page 511 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

military innovation rejects the neoclassi- sophistication due to the often “cutting and passenger traffic, shipbuilding and of marine biodiversity. Under this guidance
cal conception, identifying technological edge” nature of military technology. marine equipment manufacturing, as and commitment, the Blue Economy, wheth-
progress with the freedom of markets and (SABA & NGEPAH, 2019, p. 6) well as exploration for offshore oil and er or not sustainably managed, becomes an
subject to the orientation of governments With regard to the Blue Economy, it is gas reserves. Aging populations will instrument that allows the valorization of
for military entrepreneurship. They also no different in that it also induces devel- continue to motivate the medical and the oceans, enhancing coastal activities, re-
state that “la ‘mano invisible’ no actúa opment and economic growth, since the pharmaceutical communities of the specting their long-term regenerative capac-
en ninguna etapa de la investigación o fa- oceans that surround us sustain our own world to accelerate marine biotech- ity, guaranteeing the protection of maritime
bricación militar. Ni en la concepción, ni en lives with their delicate and immense eco- nological research into new drugs and economic productivity, so that the full poten-
el patentamiento de los artefactos. La idea systems involved in an ecological chain of treatments. (OECD, 2016, p. 60)) tial can be used and maintained (EUROPEAN
de un ‘consumidor soberano de armamen- regulation of the planet’s climate providing COMMISSION, 2020, p. 2). With the aim of
tos’ es obviamente ridícula”. [The ‘invisible us with a source of food, transportation, The concepts of Territorial Sea (TS ), raising public awareness, in addition to high-
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hand’ does not operate at any stage of recreation and income from the exploita- Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ ), Continen- lighting the debate on the subject around
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military research or fabrication. Neither in tion of its living and non-living resources. tal Shelf (CS ) were defined by the United the world and ensuring that ocean science
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the design nor in the patenting of artifacts. According to the World Bank (2020, p. Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea can help countries to establish favorable con-
The idea of a “sovereign arms consumer” 2), during the 2017 United Nations Ocean (UNCLOS ) and on January 4, 1993, the ditions for sustainable marine development,
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is obviously ridiculous.] Conference, it was estimated that 37% of Brazilian government enacted law Number the United Nations declared 2021-2030 as
Thus, we see that although there is the world’s population lives in coastal re- 8.617, making Brazilian maritime bound- the “Decade of Ocean Science for Sustain-
no consensus, however, Rashid and Arif gions and depends on the oceans for their aries consistent with those established by able Development”, which seeks to support
(2012) agree that there is a positive rela- livelihood, in addition to being the main link UNCLOS. Seeking to establish its prop- efforts to reverse the cycle of declining ocean
tionship between military spending and to international trade. In turn, the OECD er space in the South Atlantic, Brazil’s health, highlighting the growing importance
economic growth, suggesting that the (2016), in its report on the ocean economy, last maritime frontier, Admiral Roberto of the Blue Economy (UNESCO, 2019).
presence of the spin-off effect provides estimates that in 2010 alone, economic ac- de Guimarães Carvalho began to spread In recent decades, the greater empha-
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technical capacity through training and tivities associated with the ocean totaled in 2004 the term “Amazônia Azul (Blue sis given to the knowledge of the oceans,
helps in the modernization process, cre- about US$1.5 trillion, directly generating Amazon),” a political-strategic concept their dynamics and realities, has imposed
ating the necessary infrastructure for na- approximately 31 million formal jobs. that includes the TS, the ZEE, PC, water- an economic, social and political percep-
tional economic development. ways and other Brazilian inland waters, tion of the sea, centered on its dimension
In a globalized international system,
where the population will continue to grow in an extensive oceanic area, with about of possible future depletion of terrestri-
Such spin-off effects may be achieved constantly, there is an upward trend of mi- 5.7 million km2, approximately half of the al resources, while the process of global-
in several ways. Technology developed gration to coastal areas, putting pressure Brazilian continental mass (Brazil-ian Navy, ized competitiveness has contributed even
for the military or used by firms to ful- on the respective ecosystems with the ex- 2020a), with the aim of highlighting the more to the expansion of world maritime
fill the specifications of military projects ploitation of their natural resources and the importance of this stretch of ocean and its power (GARCIA & RIBEIRO, 2018).
might have applications for non-military consequent increase in pollution, where or geopolitical weight and economic value, However, the oceans today represent
customers. Similarly, while suppliers demographic factor constitutes the center in relation to the Green Amazon, already scenarios for territorial disputes, since
may raise the level and quality of their of the growth of the ocean economy, as an well known to the population. these unmanned areas are gaining more
capital in order to full military contracts, important engine of maritime activities. In this scenario, we must face the threat and more accessibility, thanks to techno-
non-military production might benefit of water pollution, as a human secondary logical advanc-es, transforming blue lati-
from the enhanced capital stock. Alter- Expanding populations will need to be effect, which impacts the health of the ma- tudes into potential locations for mineral
natively, the military may raise the de- fed, raising demand for fish, mollusks, rine environment and the use of the seas exploration, medicinal studies, will become
mand for its suppliers’ output, spurring and other marine foods; as consumers for commercial and recreational activities, abundant sources of clean energy possibly
their growth as well as their technical they will stimulate sea-borne freight constituting one of the main factors of loss well into the future.

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508 BLUE ECONOMY