Page 425 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

as well as greater predictability, with a few the greatest difficulty in the construction of to use climate change information generat- or pressure partial CO2), in addition to es-
months in advance, of their impacts. These risk scenarios at the local level and, conse- ed through scientific research in managing sential oceanographic variables, such as
analyses are necessary because they pres- quently, for the development and applica- the region; (3) Value natural and cultural temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and
ent themselves as a fundamental subsidy in tion of measures to minimize impacts on resources at risk in Potentially Flooded and nutrients in sites considered strategic and/
the elaboration of public policies that aim the population. Coastal Areas; (6) Check the effects of sea or vulnerable, such as marine protection ar-
to mitigate the impacts caused by the latter A series of recommendations are sug- level rise on the tourism industry. eas, and alternative observation platforms,
on society for the coming years. gested for adaptation and mitigation in Although there has been an increase in such as ships of opportunity; 2) to promote
Regarding Cyclone Catarina, ocean- view of the predicted impacts of sea lev- the scientific literature on ocean acidifica- marine and coastal long-term ecological
ic and atmospheric environmental factors el rise in Brazil. These are divided into two tion and its impacts on the marine biodi- programs - PELD - so that, in addition to the
were jointly evaluated through a theory axes: one relating to the types of knowl- versity of the Amazônia Azul (Blue Ama- physical-chemical parameters, the responses
that quantifies the integrated contribution edge that should be primarily acquired zon) over the last decade, little is known of organisms to the impacts of acidification
of these factors: the Genesis Potential In- about the phenomenon to enable more about regional trends in acidification. and pollution of the sea are also observed,

dex (GPI). The high GPI values achieved in accurate forecasts and future scenarios on Similar to actions aimed at the problem of and 3) to increase scientific cooperation for

March 2004, the month in which Catarina the impacts, and the other in relation to sea level rise, it is necessary: 1) to install the purpose to accelerate mitigation and ad-
developed, were unprecedented in the 30- urban management and planning actions long-term monitoring of at least two of the aptation solutions, in line with Sustainable
year historical series. The results indicate that should be encouraged to improve parameters related to ocean acidification Development Goal 14 – Life on Water – and
an important correspondence between the the adaptability of the municipalities in (pH, total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, the United Nations Decade for the Ocean.
strong positive GPI anomalies and the main question. Within the scope of these two References
stages of the Catarina life cycle, mainly: (1) axes, the following emergency topics are
where the system started to characterize a addressed: Axis 1- (1) Monitoring of the ALFREDINI, P.; ARASAKI, E.; AMARAL, R. F. Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities.
subtropical cyclone and later underwent a relative mean sea level; (2) Understanding do. Mean sea-level rise impacts on Santos In: PÖRTNER, N. M. W. H.-O.; ROBERTS,
tropical transition (TT) to a tropical cyclone the hydrodynamic phenomena that induce Bay, Southeastern Brazil – physical mod- D. C.; MASSON-DELMOTTE, V.; ZHAI, P.;
itself, and (2) where it acquired “hurri- flooding in estuarine zones; (3) Analysis elling study. Environmental Monitoring TIGNOR, M.; POLOCZANSKA, E.; MINT-
cane” status on the Saffir-Simpson scale. In of the differential way in which reefs and and Assessment, 144: 1-3, 2008. ENBECK, K.; ALEGRÍA, A.; NICOLAI, M.;
this way, the GPI shows itself, potentially, mangroves act in the dispersion of waves ARAÚJO, M.; MALLMANN, D. L. B.; LEITE, OKEM, A.; PETZOLD, J.; RAMA, B. (eds.).
as a good index to obtain a threshold for today and how they will act with the in- F. S.; ROLLNIC, M.; MESQUITA, P. P.; BOR- IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and
BA, M.; FAÇANHA, P. Vulnerabilidade e im-
Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, 2019.
tropical cyclogenesis in the South/South- crease in the relative sea level. Creation of pactos à elevação do nível do mar do Cen- BLACK, E.; BLACKBURN, M.; HARRISON,
east of Brazil. This result could serve as a a Conservation Unit as a strategy to protect tro Metropolitano do Recife, PE. Relatório R. G.; HOSKINS, B. J.; METHVEN, J. Factors
conceptual basis for future investigations and maintain these natural defenses; (4) Técnico, Recife, 168 p. 2009. Contributing to the Summer 2003 European
on the probability of other Catarina-type Preparation of vulnerability charts based on ARAÚJO, M.; OMETTO, J.; RODRIGUES-FIL- Heatwave. Weather, 59 (8), 217-223, 2004.
events in the region, especially considering hydrodynamic processes; (5) Carry out stud- HO, S.; BURSZTYN, M.; LINDOSO, D. P.; BRAUKO, K. M.; CABRAL, A.; COSTA,
the effects of climate change. ies on the probability of occurrence of ex- LITRE, G.; GAIVIZZO, L.; FERREIRA, J. L.; REIS, N. V.; HAYDEN, J.; DIAS, C. E.; LEITE, E.
With regard to sea level rise, the results treme hydrodynamic phenomena; (6) Assess R. M.; ASSAD, E. The socio-ecological Nexus S.; WESTPHAL, R. D.; MUELLER, C. M.;
indicate that the low occupation of a large the drainage capacity of each municipality; + approach used by the Brazilian Research HALL-SPENCER, J. M.; RODRIGUES, R. R.;
part of the coastline causes risk areas to be (7) Improve the altimetric information of Network on Global Climate Change. Cur- RÖRIG, L. R. Marine heatwaves, sewage
concentrated in coastal cities, with flood the municipalities; Axis 2- (1) Reassess and rent Opinion in Environmental Sustain- and eutrophication combine to trigger
ability, 39:62-70, 2019. DOI: https://doi.
deoxygenation and biodiversity loss: A SW
risks having the greatest impact on the adapt municipal urbanization plans, taking org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.08.005. Atlantic case study. Frontiers in Marine
population. The absence of long-term con- into account the implications of the relative BINDOFF, N.; CHEUNG, W. W. L.; KAIRO, J. Science, 7, 1038, 2020.
tinuous observations, as well as the lack rise in sea level; (2) Check the current sta- G.; ARÍSTEGUI, J.; GUINDER, V. A.; HALL- CAI, W.-J.; HU, X.; HUANG, W.-J.; MURRELL,
of detailed altimetric mapping, represents tus of planning strategies and local ability BERG, R. et al. Changing Ocean, Marine M. C.; LEHRTER, J. C.; LOHRENZ, S. E. et al.

422 BLUE ECONOMY Ocean and Climate: New Challenges 423