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de la pax pradier. French translation of ON U. S. POLICY CONCERNING NATURAL Notes
P. Pradier-Podère. Paris: PUF,1999. RESOURCES OF SEABED AND FISHERIES
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING ON HIGH SEAS. 1945. 1 From the English exploration (includes ac- 5 However, both Emperor Otto IV, in the trea-
(ICS). Explaning Shipping. Available at: ROCHA, Rosa Maria Souza Martins. O mar tivities such as research and discovery of re- ty of August 1209, and Frederick II, in the
https://www.ics-shipping.org/explaning/. territorial: largura e natureza jurídica. sources) and exploitation (which effectively treaty of September 20, 1220, implicitly rec-
Access on: Mar. 20, 2022. Porto: Universidade Portucalense, 1996. includes the withdrawal of resources from ognized the dominion of Venice by agreeing
MAROTTA RANGEL, Vicente. Jurisdição SCHIMITT, Michael N.; GODDARD, David the sea, refinement, production). In Portu- the right of navigation for their ships. [...] The
internacional: considerações preambulares. S. International Law and the military use guese there is not such a precise differentia- cities that protested are ignored and some of
In: Estudos em Homenagem à professo- of unmanned maritime systems. In: Inter- tion of terms. However, it is necessary to dif- those that, like Bologna and Ancona, decide
ra doutora Isabel de Magalhães Collaço. national Review of the Red Cross, v. 98, ferentiate them when studying the regulation to resort to arms, are defeated, imposing on
Vol. 2. Lisboa: Almedina, 2002. p. 643-652 n.2, 2016, p. 567-592. of the use of the seas, as they are regulated them as a condition of peace the recognition
MATTOS, Adherbal Meira. Os novos lim- SCHOOLMEESTER, T.; BAKER, E. Con- in a different way. For example, article 153 of of this domain and the duty to pay the tribute.
ites dos espaços marítimos nos trinta anos tinental Shelf: the last Maritime Zone. the United Nations Convention on the Law of 6 Until the 18th century, the idea of cannon
da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Stocholm: UNEP/GRID-Arendal, 2011. the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982, in its original En- fire was widely accepted in the international
Direito do Mar. p. 21-66. In: BEIRÃO, An- Available at: https://gridarendal-web- glish version, regulates the “System of explo- community, being used as a standard for land
dré Panno; PEREIRA, Antônio Celso Alves site-live.s3.amazonaws.com/production/ ration and exploitation”. In the Portuguese dominance of the sea adjacent to the coast,
(orgs.) Reflexões sobre a Convenção do documents/:s_document/102/original/ translation it was called “Exploration and ex- as we will see later.
Direito do Mar. Brasília: FUNAG, 2014. Shelf_LastZone_sept2010_march2011. ploitation system”. Likewise, Annex III of the 7 One can cite here the texts of Serafim de
p. 21-66. pdf?1483646561. Access on: Mar. Convention. Thus, it is clear that the option in Freitas entitled Of the Rightful Asian Empire
MELLO, Celso D. de Albuquerque. Alto 10, 2022. the national translation for the term “exploita- of the Portuguese, whose main objective is to
Mar. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2001. SCOVAZZI, Tullio. The evolution of in- tion” in the UNCLOS was “utilization”. The refute the ideas of Grotius. Or John Selden,
MENSAH, Thomas A. The Dispute Settle- ternational law of the sea: new issues, doctrine seems to use the term “exploitation” who would publish his work in 1635 under
ment Regime of the 1982 United Nations new challenges. Collected Courses of the more. We can quote here, for all, the text by the title Mare Clausum, becoming the English
Convention on the Law of the Sea. In: Hague Academy of International Law, n° MATTOS, Adherbal Meira. The new limits of spokesman against the thesis of freedom of
Max Planck Yearbook of United Na- 286, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 2000. maritime spaces in the thirty years of the navigation.
tions Law, Vol. 2, p. 307-323, 1998. SILVA, José Luís Moreira da. Direito do United Nations Convention on the Law 8 PRESIDENT TRUMAN’S PROCLAMATIONS
KARAMAN, Igor V. Dispute Resolution in Mar. Lisboa: AAFDL, 2003. of the Sea. pp. 21 - 66. In. BEIRÃO, André ON U.S. POLICY CONCERNING NATURAL
the Law of the Sea., Netherlands: Marti- SLOUKA, Zdenek. International Custom Panno; PEREIRA, Antônio Celso Alves (Orgs.) RESOURCES OF SEABED AND FISHERIES ON
nus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012. p. 319. and the Continental Shelf: A Study in the Reflections on the Convention on the Law HIGH SEAS. 1945: “[...] the Government of
KOH, Tommy T.B. A Constitution for the Dynamics of Customary Rules in Internation- of the Sea. pp. 21 – 66. FUNAG, Brasília; the United States regards the natural resourc-
Oceans. Remarks by Tommy T. B. Koh, of al Law, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1968. 2014, P. 50. In any case, there is an express es of the subsoil and seabed of the continen-
Singapore. President of the Third United TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The International differentiation in the conventional text and in tal shelf beneath the high seas but contig-
Conference on the Law of the Sea. 1982. Law of the Sea. 2. ed. London: Cam- the doctrinal works of what would be the ex- uous to the coasts of the United States as
O’CORNNELL, Daniel Patrick. The Inter- bridge, 2015. ploitation of resources (research) and the use appertaining to the United States, subject to
national Law of the Sea. Vol I e II. Ox- VENTURA, Fabiana Abreu do Valle. A (or exploitation) of these resources. its jurisdiction and control.”
ford: Clarendon Press, 1982. inter-relação entre a organização 2 On the subject, see ROCHA, Rosa Maria 9 PRESIDENT TRUMAN’S PROCLAMATIONS
OXMAN, Bernard H. The Territorial Temp- marítima internacional (IMO) e a Souza Martins. The territorial sea: width ON U.S. POLICY CONCERNING NATURAL
tation: a Siren Song at Sea. In: Journal of Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre and legal nature. Portucalense University, RESOURCES OF SEABED AND FISHERIES ON
International Law 830:2006, p. 716-742. direito do mar de 10 de dezembro de Porto; 1996. P. 10. HIGH SEAS. 1945: “NOW, THEREFORE, I,
PARDO, Arvid. Who will control the sea- 1982 (CNUDM). AAFDL, Lisbon, 2005. 3 Hammurabi’s Code of Laws (circa 1780 HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United
bed? Council on Foreign Relations, Vol. ZANELLA, Tiago. Manual de Direito B.C.) States of America, from hereby proclaimed
47, No. 1, New York, 1968. do Mar. Belo Horizonte: Editora D’Pláci- 4 The Laws of Manu (Manusmriti) (1500 B.C. the following policy of the United States of
PRESIDENT TRUMAN’S PROCLAMATIONS do, 2017. to 200 A.D.). America with respect to coastal fisheries in

226 BLUE ECONOMY The Regulation of the Sea: Consolidation and Perspectives 227