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National Buoy Program (PNBOIA) Fixed buoy network for research and Permanent Network for Monitoring (2015 and 2019); Tramandaí, RS (1962-1963,
forecasting in the Tropical Atlantic the Middle Sea Level (GLOSS-Brazil) 2006-2007 and 2013-2016), Florianópolis,
The National Buoys Program (PNBOIA) (PIRATA) SC (March 2002 to May 2005), Pontal do
was created during the 2nd Extraordinary The international program Global Sea Paraná, PR (SiMCosta data from 2013 to
Session of the Executive Committee for The international network Prediction and Level Observing System (GLOSS) was created 2015), Santos, SP (2016 and 2017), Rio de
GOOS Brazil, in September 1997, with the Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlan- in 1985 by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Janeiro, RJ (SiMCosta data from 2015 and
objective of obtaining and making available tic (PIRATA), known in Brazil as “Projeto PIRA- Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO) 2017), Salvador, BA (between 2014 and
to users in general, meteoceanographic data TA”, aims to increase knowledge and under- to establish a network of high-quality mean 2019), Recife, PE (between 2014 and 2015).
from regions of the Brazilian continental standing of ocean-atmosphere interactions sea level observation on a global scale. The The Ondas Network is temporarily disabled.
shelf. Data are collected by fixed floating in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. International GLOSS program contributes to GOOS, partic- Past data can be obtained at: https://rede-
platforms (at anchor buoys) and mobile plat- cooperation involves institutions from Brazil ularly in the modules on climate, coastal pro- ondas.furg.br/pt/dados.
forms (drifting buoys). The PNBOIA is coor- (INPE and DHN), the United States (NOAA) cesses, and operational services, seeking the
dinated by the CHM, with the participation and France (IRD, Meteo-France, CNRS, and continuous improvement of the network, the MOVAR Project
of several research institutions and universi- IFREMER). In Brazil, PIRATA is conducted by availability of mean sea level data, in addition
ties in the country. The fixed buoys are an- a National Committee, chaired by INPE and to always seeking to expand the tide network The Monitoring of Thermal Structure
chored along the Brazilian continental shelf, with the participation of the following in- with high quality data. In 2007, the Imple- Characterization from XBT High-Density
at depths that vary between 50 and 200 m, stitutions: DHN, INMET, FUNCEME, IOUSP, mentation Plan for the GLOSS-Brasil subpro- Lines, between Rio de Janeiro and Trindade
in the North/Northeast and South/Southeast UERJ, UFC, UFSC, and UFPE. The PIRATA net- gram was approved under the GOOS-Brasil Island (MOVAR Project), aims to study and
regions of the country. The instruments and work is formed by a constellation of buoys Program. The GLOSS-Brazil tide network monitor oceanic variability on longer time
sensors attached to the fixed buoys mea- anchored in the Tropical Atlantic (18 buoys has stations spatially distributed in the north, scales (years and decades), through XBT
sure the following oceanic and atmospheric at anchor, 8 of which are under the respon- northeast, southeast and south, in addition to launches between Rio de Janeiro and Trin-
variables: sea surface temperature, surface sibility of Brazil, 6 under the responsibility of including stations located on oceanic islands dade Island (NOAA/AOML AX97 repeat
current, atmospheric pressure, surface wind France and 4 under the responsibility of the further away from the Brazilian coast. GLOSS line), with spacing varying between 15 mn
direction and intensity, air temperature, rela- USA) whose instruments and sensors collect data can be obtained from the website: for oceanic regions and 10 mn for regions
tive humidity, solar radiation, vertical profile meteoceanographic data for use by the com- https://www.psmsl.org/gloss/. In the case of close to the continental margins. The XBT
of sea temperature, conductivity (salinity) and munity in general. The maintenance of the PI- GLOSS-Brasil, the data are available at: http:// time series is complemented with drift buoy
wave direction, height, and period. It is esti- RATA network relies on the logistical support www.goosbrasil.org/gloss/. launches along the way. Large-scale tempo-
mated that a partnership with other sectors, of the Brazilian Navy for the anchoring of ral variability information is compared with
such as the oil sector with Petrobras, which these instruments, using DHN hydro-ocean- Shallow Water Wave Monitoring information from satellite data (sea surface
is very interested in these data, as well as the ographic vessels. The PIRATA network began Network (ONDAS Network) temperature, altimetry, etc.). The project
private sector, can contribute to improving its work in 1997 and has already distributed completed 86 repeat cruises from August
the failures of instruments that have been more than 120 million data files, which have The Network for Monitoring Waves in 2004 to August 2021, with the participation
identified, which that implies on a reduced been used to generate more than 350 scien- Shallow Waters (ONDAS Network) aims to of 93 onboard researchers and the launch
data return. Drift buoys are launched in the tific articles published in international journals collect and distribute data on surface waves of 4020 XBT sensors, representing a success
South Atlantic and Tropical Ocean, with the with editorial boards (BOURLÈS et al., 2008; at various locations along the Brazilian coast. rate of 91% data acquisition. The project
collection of data on sea surface tempera- 2019). The instruments and sensors attached The data allow to characterize the wave cli- is coordinated by researchers from FURG,
ture, surface current, atmospheric pressure, to the buoys measure various meteoceano- mate along the Brazilian coast. Waveriders UFRJ, and NOAA/AOML and supported by
and wind on the sea surface. The data col- graphic properties that can be freely accessed were installed at the following locations SeCIRM/GOOS/Brasil, Brazilian Navy, CNPq,
lected by PNBOIA is accessible through the through the website: http://pirata.ccst.inpe. along the Brazilian coast: Rio Grande, RS MCTIC and NOAA/CPO. The MOVAR proj-
website: http://www.goosbrasil.org/pnboia/. br/pt/acesso-aos-dados/. (2015 and 2016); São Lourenço do Sul, RS: ect data can be freely accessed through the

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