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work. Then, chapter 3 highlights the differ- SECTION began to take shape, but there is still a long use of one of its most relevant specific in-
ent economic (taxes, fees, charges, subsi- 2 way to go. Chapter 12 goes deeper into ternational organizations, the Internation-
dies, tradable permit systems and payment the explanation of the need to know what al Maritime Organization (IMO), and how
for ecosystem services – PES) and financial can be done and how this activity can be Brazil has positioned itself in this broad fo-
(impact investing, debt, equity, blended fi- acheived in each place in this sea that bor- rum of debates. Thus, the section seeks to
nancing, and subsidies) instruments applied ders us - the need for good marine spatial frame how the globe has marked out the
to the Blue Economy. planning (MSP), including pointing out how blue economy and how Brazil has made an
Chapter 4 analyzes the Brazilian case, the world has evolved in this planning. effort to leverage this maritimity.
highlighting the relevance of the Blue Am- Chapter 13 deals with a typical national
3
azon, particularly in the context of the Rio solution for the management of coastal ur- SECTION
Grande Elevation (RGR), and specifically ban regions and the nearby sea, delving into
addresses the challenge of offshore mining the peculiarities of national coastal manage-
in Brazil. Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 deal with ment and its sustainable economic use. In
major issues on the global agenda. Chap- turn, chapter 14 highlights one of the big-
ter 5, for example, highlights the role of gest problems in the human relationship with
the 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Section 2, after the fundamental concep- the sea – marine pollution – mainly resulting
Development Goals (SDGs) on marine life tualization presented in section 1, seeks to from land-based emission which, proportion-
and resources, in addition to maritime activ- show how this blue economy has been man- ally, is much higher than that also resulting
ities, highlighting its interface with different aged (and if it has) been managed by the var- from maritime resources. Chapter 15 refers
SDGs. Subsequently, chapter 6 reinforces ious actors participating in this governance of to a fundamental cry: Brazilians need to em-
the need to promote sea governance in the the sea, which belongs, synergistically, both brace the sea as their priority, whether to get 374 A ECONOMIA AZUL Uma Ciência Azul 375
context of the Decade of Ocean Science for to national interests and to the entire plan- to know and preserve it, or see it as an oppor-
Sustainable Development, also known as et. This is due to the growing concern that tunity for development; therefore, it evokes Section 3 describes the blue economy as
the “Ocean Decade”, highlighting Brazilian it is not enough to exploit resources; this use the national maritime mentality and its evo- a “knowledge-based” economy, in which
initiatives in this context. Chapter 7 reinforc- must be managed in a rational way, which lution. Then, chapter 16 points out the main data and information are able to guide the
es the relevance of governance and brings meets both national development needs and national options, expressed “in what the achievement of solutions to the present and
the contribution of ocean cooperation and the sustainability of the planet and new gen- country wants for the sea” in its highest-level future challenges of our society. The focus
diplomacy in the context of the current erations. To this end, chapter 9 brings this public policies, presenting the complexity of of the section is therefore to recognize the
global sustainable development agenda; in fundamental approach of all the multiple ac- the continuous and growing construction of diverse needs and stimulate discussion on
addition, it highlights opportunities for sci- tors that interact in ocean governance, which this desired national regulation. how to reach out to these future users and
entific diplomacy in the context of the blue is a global trend. Chapter 10 addresses the Chapter 17 shows that this scientific-tech- motivate the highest possible level of sup-
economy, considering the case of Brazil. main use of the seas – a means of communi- nological-sustainable-economic movement port for the country’s interest in a blue econ-
Finally, chapter 8 analyzes the contribu- cation of goods and people – therefore how towards the sea has aroused multiple in- omy. Chapter 19 presents an overview of
tions of ocean culture (ocean literacy) to these lines of communication have evolved, terests and growing arrangements, both at some ongoing Brazilian initiatives, involving
the promotion of the Blue Economy, with including a new perspective of “transport of international and national levels. We must federal agencies, universities, and some pri-
particular attention to the interface with data” by submarine cables. point out several innovative examples from vate companies, with a focus on initiatives
the private sector and the commitment to Chapter 11 retraces the difficult trajecto- some federative units in Brazil that have associated with ocean monitoring.
a sustainable future. Then, the next section ry of international regulation of the use of lent significant effort to this growing mar- Emphasis is given to the GOOS-Brasil
aims to analyze the normative basis for most the seas. Even covering more than 70% of itime situation. Finally, chapter 18 seeks to Program, coordinated by the Brazilian Navy
discussions, in light of the contributions of the earth’s surface, it was only in the 20th rescue how the world has sought to act in (MB), corresponding to the longest exist-
ocean governance and regulation. century that this regulatory consolidation the regulation of the use of the sea, making ing system at the national level, subsidizing

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