Page 143 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

field of science diplomacy was born with often used to justify political ends (NYE, ter), relevant indicators were established trust the information. In this context, re-
the goal to understand the dynamics be- 2017; POLEJACK, 2021). Thus, it is import- to maintain the health of the ocean and gimes that are developed through a social
tween the different imperatives of science ant to understand the dynamics between coastal areas. Concurrently, the United learning process and whose rules reflect
and policy at the international level. science and diplomacy in ocean affairs. Nations launched the Decade of Ocean the scientific consensus on environmental
Countries like Brazil, with some level Science for Sustainable Development (also sustainability tend to be more effective.
What is science diplomacy? of ocean science capabilities, but still far known as the Ocean Decade) (2021-2030) Considering international cooperation
from the necessary standards to research to support scientific efforts to reverse the as a factor of success, a question remains
Science diplomacy is a recent field of a continent-wide ocean zone, still depend trend of ocean degradation by ascertain an on which well established State practices
research, but an old practice (TUREKIAN, upon foreign analytical capacities (POLE- interdisciplinary science fit-for-purpose in concerning cooperation and science diplo-
2018), dealing with the processes in which JACK; BARROS-PLATIAU, 2020). However, decision-making. (RYABININ et al., 2019). macy in the context of blue economy are.
scientific evidence influences diplomacy our geographical position, our excellence Thus, science diplomacy and cooperation The discourse around the Blue Economy
and vice versa. Highly controversial, the in knowledge production and the rich so- efforts deserve the necessary attention so has been promoted as something benefi-

concept of science diplomacy involves the cial and cultural diversity are important as- as to contribute to a more sustainable fu- cial, as a common good for all. However,
study of how science can inform interna- sets that go beyond our scientific capacity. ture for the ocean. several countries have adopted different
tional decision-making, how diplomacy can Consequently, Brazil became the focus of Haas (1992) argues that the diffusion concepts for the Blue Economy based on
promote and foster joint research projects, interest of those interested in the South of new ideas and information is one of national interests and the importance that
and how such projects and communities Atlantic. Strategically applying ocean sci- the factors that can lead to new patterns marine ecosystem services have for the
of researchers can alleviate political ten- ence diplomacy, Brazil has the chance to of behavior, being a necessary determi- economy of that country (PEREIRA, 2020).
sions (THE ROYAL SOCIETY, 2010). More organize its science and technology system nant of the effectiveness of internation- An inflection point in all the concepts ad-
recently, there has been an attempt to in- in a way of better promotion equitable in- al political cooperation. Furthermore, for dressed is the need to promote develop-
clude in the concept the role that interests ternational cooperative frameworks that Haas (2015), three main conditions can ment in a sustainable way, which in itself
(national, regional, and global) would have meet our national demands. Thus, science contribute to the successful institutional requires levels of cooperation where sci-
in the different motivations for engaging in diplomacy can become a powerful tool for management of environmental challeng- ence and diplomacy significantly interact
science diplomacy practices (GLUCKMAN; negotiating better bilateral and multilater- es. First, government concerns should (POLEJACK, 2021).
TUREKIAN; GRIMES, 2018). It is undeni- al agreements and for demanding the im- be high enough to mobilize states to the Thus, cooperation and science diplo-
able, however, that science is increasingly plementation of the legal provisions from point of making already scarce resources macy support and encourage good gov-
playing an important role in international the various multilateral instruments that available to solve a given environmental ernance, which, among other principles,
environmental debates. instrument ocean governance (POLEJACK; problem. Second, common, and trans- includes the existence of a a legal frame-
In the ocean, the influence of science COELHO, 2021). boundary environmental problems cannot work, with a clear transparency of pow-
has become critical, particularly during the be effectively resolved without compliance ers and responsibilities with regard to
negotiations for the adoption of the Unit- Why is cooperation important? in which states make commitments they the management of areas and resources;
ed Nations Convention on the Law of the are able to fulfill and honor. And, finally, guaranteeing public participation, access
Sea, or the constitution of the ocean (ROB- Debates on ocean global governance that states have the political and admin- to information and transparency through-
INSON, 2020). Since the adoption of the were included amongst the main topics istrative capacity to make the necessary out the public policy cycle; forecasting,
Convention, science has acted as a form debated at the United Nations Conference domestic adjustments for the implemen- monitoring and inspection of instruments

of soft power in ocean negotiations, that on Sustainable Development – Rio+20 tation of the agreement. related to resource management; the exis-
is, a form of non-coercive power by which and has since been gaining ground in the Also for Haas and Stevens (2011), tence of equity and inclusion; the ability to
countries seduce other countries to adopt international arena. Through the 2030 knowledge operates and changes behav- deal with emergencies and the consistency

positions and values based on the science Agenda and in particular the Sustainable ior when organized and conveyed in a way of decisions between different institutions
presented in international negotiations, Development Goal 14 (Life Below Wa- that policymakers can understand and (OLIVEIRA et al., 2022) (Figure 1).

140 BLUE ECONOMY Ocean Governance, Cooperation and Diplomacy 141