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environmental law, several gaps are iden- of goods and/or services to society. agencies tends to segment policy-making management of water resources in the
tified in their implementation. In addition Intersectoriality has the function of activities, with some narrowing of focus Brazilian coastal territory have had a crit-
to deficiencies related to financial and hu- guaranteeing government integration be- and the use of expert advice. Thus, for ical impact on the degradation of these
man resources, there is excessive central- tween the ministerial sectors applied to the them, while specialization certainly creates environments. There is a lack of regulation
ization of attributions in federal agencies; entire cycle of formulation, implementa- some benefits for governance, it also lim- in the use and exploitation, interventions
little attention to economic instruments tion, and evaluation of public policies (CU- its the ability to address larger and more to mediate conflicts of use and actions to
of environmental policy; lack of dialogue NILL-GRAU, 2014). This implies an iterative comprehensive issues in an intersectoral control impacts arising from terrestrial ac-
between the National Environment System design of interaction processes between way. The understanding of the agencies, tivities in these environments.
(SISNAMA) and systems aimed at specific actors from different sectors and appropri- at the federal level, involved in the vari- The context of the Decade of Ocean
areas of environmental management, such ate organizational designs. In other words, ous environmental policies and their level Science highlights the importance of sec-
as the National Water Resources Manage- intersectoral governance demands man- of commitment, notably the Ministries, toral integration and the transversality of
ment System (SINGREH) that brings to- agement and administrative processes that will be an important indicator of the lim- the blue agenda and opens a window of
gether basin committees and water agen- are adapted to this end. itations and the possible opposite effect opportunity to review these horizontal in-
cies; prevalence of the utilitarian view of As an object of study, governance com- related to the interactions given by norms stitutional gaps. With regard specifically
natural resources over the environmental prises the following functions: decision and formal rules, as well as allowing the to Decade governance in Brazil, the best
view in government decisions with greater making; selection of objectives; resource identification of overlaps of agendas/ac- practices of intersectoral coordination ap-
impact; high degree of non-compliance. mobilization; implementation; and feed- tors and/or gaps. plies. There is inter-ministerial coordination
Furthermore, the authors Damacena and back, assessment, and learning (PETERS et In the case applied to governance of by the Executive Committee for Sustain-
Farias (2017) indicate that the instruments al., 2016). The centrality of decision-mak- the sea, the intersectoral nature of the able Development of the Inter-ministerial
of environmental policy have excessively ing is highlighted, in a cross cutting man- theme is related to the need to articulate Commission for Marine Resources (CIRM),
slow implementation, high demand for ner to the other functions throughout the the management of water resources in an which contains 17 members from related
control, high administrative costs, a need process of producing public policies. Thus, integrated manner with coastal manage- agencies of the Federal Government. The
for inspection and lack of stimulus for when observing the level of articulation ment. Thus, the institutions and actors of actions for the Decade of Ocean Science
technological improvement. The explana- between government sectors involved in the National Water Resources Manage- are also integrated in the X Sectoral Plan
tion for these gaps can be explained by the the federal sphere for the implementation ment System need to be closely connect- for Sea Resources, which guides the main
trajectory of governance in these policies of governance of the sea, the participa- ed with the Estuarine Systems and Coastal actions of the Federal Government for the
in the light of the theories that are pre- tion of the actors and their greater or less- Zone Management sector. management of sea resources.
sented below. er inclusion in decision-making must be At an institutional level, these sectors Intersectoral governance also demands
analyzed, from the definition of objectives are covered by associated public poli- intersectoriality between state, private
Intersectoral horizontal governance to the process of learning from the results cies such as the National Water Resourc- non-state and societal non-state sectors.
of implemented policies. es Policy (Law 9.433/1997) and the Na- Environmental policies have historical-
Intragovernmental intersectoral gov- As many actors are collectives, it can be tional Coastal Management Policy (Law ly included as a fundamental part of the
ernance deals with horizontal intergov- difficult to establish whether the organi- 7661/88 and Decree 5.300/04). Among agenda: a) Non-Governmental Organi-
ernmental relationships, that is, the in- sation is the actor or whether subgroups these sectoral frameworks, there are sig- zations (NGOs); b) Private sector; and c)
teraction between government sectors in within this collective act on their own. nificant challenges for effective inter- Academic communities. To analyze the
the same federal sphere. In this sense, it Thus, the government can be seen as an sectoriality. For instance, Loitzenbauer participation and interrelation of the
comprises the interactions between differ- actor, as well as the Ministries (KLIJN; KOP- and Mendes (2016) analyze the specific actors involved, the theory of governance
ent sectoral Ministries to overcome gaps PENJAN, 2016). case of coastal influence in Santa Catarina in networks addresses the interdependence
and avoid overlaps between agendas that Peters et al. (2016) argue that the very basins and indicate that legal, institutional, between actors and complex patterns of
must necessarily be aligned in the provision division of governments into ministries and and administrative gaps in the integrated interaction. The vast majority of public

126 BLUE ECONOMY Sea Governance in the Decade of Ocean Science 127