Page 126 - Economia Azul - versão: inglês

3. And How is Brazil in the Decade? environmental diversity in a global context. is clear, particularly through the interfaces
Thus, the Decade of Ocean Science is an in terms of sustainable development and
The national ocean area represented by and sustainable; predictable; safe; accessi- opportunity for reflection on the part of the governance (SANTOS, 2021a). Therefore,
the Territorial Sea (TS) and the Exclusive Eco- ble; inspiring and engaging. social sciences on several fronts of the econ- it is essential to understand the complexity
nomic Zone (EEZ) corresponds to about 3.6 The country has initiated actions for omy and governance of marine resources. of both agendas to effectively address the
million km2. If an additional 2.1 million km the Ocean Decade in 2019 and institut- Thus, whether in its entirety or in the present challenges by 2030, contemplat-
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being claimed by Brazil areadded to the oce- ed a National Steering Committee for the Brazilian case, the relationship between ing all the potential contributions of the
anic part of the Extended Continental Shelf Ocean Science Decade. In 2020, there was the Ocean Decade and the Blue Economy ocean (SANTOS, 2021b).
(ECS) (), depending on the evaluation by the the formation of Grupos de Apoio à Mo-
Commission on the Limits of the Continental bilização Regional para a Década (GAM – 4. Theories about governance
Shelf of the United Nations Convention on Support Groups for Regional Mobilization
the Law of the Sea (CLCS/ UNCLOS), the total for the Decade), a voluntary formation of After knowing the Ocean Decade and, maintenance of ecological balance, preser-
oceanic area under Brazilian jurisdiction could representatives of various organizations above all, understanding its complexity, vation, improvement, and recovery of envi-
be approximately 5.7 million km , equivalent and individuals with the common objective it is necessary to understand how 3 main ronmental quality. This evolution was due
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to about 67% of the continental area of the of promoting communication on the topics objectives, 10 challenges and 7 results will to the influence of the international agen-
national territory of 8,511,996 km . In allu- covered by the Decade, in addition to also be achieved. This is especially necessary, das of the United Nations and Internation-
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sion to the green forest area of the Brazilian expanding the engagement of all, in a par- given the number of local, national, re- al Development Financing Organizations
Legal Amazon (Amazônia Verde or Legal ticipatory, regional and inclusive way. gional, and global actors, public and pri- (MOURA, 2016).
Amazon), we have begun to call it the Blue The National Plan for the Implementa- vate, from academia or organized civil so- It should be noted that the logic of Na-
Amazon (Amazônia Azul). The region con- tion of the Decade of Ocean Science for ciety involved in the process, which makes tional Policies, Systems (National or Single),
centrates the pre-salt ocean reserves, from Sustainable Development presents the the discussion on governance central to Management Committees and Councils
which about 85% of the oil, 75% of the management and governance mechanisms the scope of this global initiative. has been consolidated as a successful prac-
natural gas and 45% of the fish produced in of the Decade in Brazil and demonstrates In the field of marine resource man- tice in many sectoral and transversal poli-
the country are extracted. More than 95% of wide capillarity of network engagement agement policies, there is a unique need cies in the country, generating capillarity of
Brazilian foreign trade flows through it. and social representation. The organization for studies on governance because they integration (to a greater or lesser extent)
This entire extensive region needs to and coordination of the Decade is based on present complex problems of global in- between the various actors and resources
be better studied and its potential for use engagement and partnership. This Decade terdependence, urgent from the point of present in specific public policy subsystems,
exploited in a sustainable way, generating will be for everyone: scientists, intergov- view of the survival of humanity, and of although not without challenges and lim-
goods, services and jobs related to the sea ernmental and non-governmental organi- high budgetary impact for countries (DA- itations. The sectoral policy related to the
and contributing to the increase of the zations, nations and individuals, research MACENA; FARIAS, 2017). The research sea is based on the National Environmental
National GDP. In Brazil, the MCTI seeks institutes, professionals and the private agenda on the governance of maritime Policy Act (Law 6938/1981), an institutional
to facilitate the production of data, in- sector, indigenous peoples and holders public policy at the federal level offers framework that guides the environmental
formation, and the necessary knowledge of traditional knowledge, educators, and fruitful insights on agenda setting, policy policy that was later developed in several
and its interconnections with the Atlantic students, for recreation and leisure, ocean formulation, implementation, and the as- sectors: water resources, solid waste, bio-
from pole to pole to promote sustainable sports users and many others. sociated decision-making processes. diversity, forests, climate change, coastal
development. In this context, the nation- Integrating processes from local to glob- The historical evolution of environmen- management, among others.
al ocean science planning aims to guide, al, built with different sectors of society, is tal policy in Brazil began in the 1930s from However, Araújo (2013) notes that
coordinate and facilitate national actions a fundamental requirement for the nation- the perspective of natural resource man- although Brazilian environmental stan-
that will allow the achievement of a clean al implementation of the Decade, which agement. During the 1970s and 1980s it dards are recognized as extremely ad-
ocean; healthy and resilient; productive aims to represent Brazilian sociocultural and evolved with the objective of providing the vanced by the main authors in the field of

124 BLUE ECONOMY Sea Governance in the Decade of Ocean Science 125