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2. New paths with the Decade of Ocean Science? The Decade arises from the need to act . A safe ocean, where life and livelihoods
in favor of the ocean health. Such action, are protected from ocean-related risks;
The Ocean Decade and the 2030 Agen- of the planet as a whole. Indeed, for this through international cooperation, seeks . An accessible ocean, with free and equi-
da (see previous chapter), especially Sus- reason, that in 2015, the United Nations to promote scientific research and tech- table access to data, information, technol-
tainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14), General Assembly approved the 2030 nological innovations for the sustainability ogy, and innovation; and
represent the central framework for iden- Agenda for sustainable development. of the ocean. In Brazil, the Ministry of Sci- . An inspiring and enveloping ocean, so
tifying and addressing the most pressing Within this framework, 17 SDGs were es- ence, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI) is that society can understand and value its
ocean-related issues at the international tablished, which must be achieved by all the scientific representative at the IOC, re- relationship with human well-being and
and national levels. This framework re- countries by 2030. SDG 14 (Life on Wa- sponsible for implementing the Decade of sustainable development.
sults from the realization that the ocean is ter), in particular, is the one that most di- Ocean Science nationally, officially launched Among the 10 challenges are:
threatened by multiple impacts from land rectly aims to conserve and promote the in March 2021.
and sea activities, which affect more than sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and It is important to consider that the . Understand and survey land and marine
40% of its surface. marine resources. Ocean Decade comes at a time of great sources of pollutants and contaminants and
It is still an unknown environment, giv- After this great move to place the global challenges, among which we can their potential impacts on human health
en that only 19% of the ocean floor is ocean at the forefront of the global sus- highlight: climate change, food short- and marine ecosystems, and develop solu-
mapped. There are vast swaths of deep sea tainable development agenda, the first ages, pandemics and natural disasters, tions to remove or mitigate them;
and polar regions with little or no knowl- World Ocean Assessment, by the United economic crises, and unemployment. . Understand the effects of multiple
edge about the distribution of species, eco- Nations in 2016, reinforced the urgency of Therefore, it is important to consider stressors on marine ecosystems and devel-
systems, oceanic processes, and stressors. controlling activities in the ocean with sus- that it is part of a more complex frame- op solutions to monitor, protect, handle,
At the same time, the ocean contributes tainability. Therefore, in 2017, the Decade work, with new themes and discussions manage, and restore ecosystems and their
to the health and well-being of all human of Ocean Science for Sustainable Develop- emerging on the global agenda, propos- biodiversity under constantly changing en-
beings and other living beings, being a fun- ment was proclaimed, to be implemented ing “ocean-solutions to achieve global vironmental, social, and climatic conditions;
damental ally in the fight against climate from 2021 to 2030, seeking to fulfill the goals”. Thus, there are 7 results in 10 . Generate knowledge, support innovation,
change and the source of meaningful cul- commitments of the 2030 Agenda with a years, with 10 challenges to address key and develop solutions to optimize the ocean’s
tural, aesthetic, and recreational values. Its focus on SDG 14 and other correlates. issues for a fair and sustainable planet. role in sustainably feeding the world’s pop-
economic importance is unquestionable, The Intergovernmental Oceanographic According to the Brazil Decade Imple- ulation under constantly changing environ-
as it constitutes the main transport route Commission (IOC), of the United Nations mentation Plan (MCTI, 2021), there are mental, social, and climatic conditions;
for foreign trade and generates millions of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Orga- seven expected results: . Generate knowledge, support innova-
direct and indirect jobs. The relationship nization (UNESCO), is responsible for the tion, and develop solutions for the equi-
between the sea, ocean and economy is design and preparation of the Decade Im- . A clean ocean, where sources of pollu- table and sustainable development of the
clear; now it is up to the present decade’s plementation Plan, which defines a set of tion are identified and reduced or removed; ocean economy in constantly changing en-
initiative to contribute to making this rela- scientific and technological advances level . A healthy and resilient ocean, where ma- vironmental, social, and climatic conditions;
tionship prosperous and sustainable. necessary to achieve seven desired out- rine ecosystems are understood, protected, . Increase understanding of the ocean-cli-
Considered a threatened ocean, with comes: an ocean that is clean; healthy and restored and properly managed; mate nexus and generate knowledge and
considerable knowledge gaps despite its resilient; predictable; safe; sustainable and . A productive ocean that supports a solutions to mitigate, adapt and strength-
ecological and economic importance, we productive; transparent and accessible; and sustainable food chain and a sustainable en resilience to the effects of climate
need to mobilize resources, people, op- known and appreciated by all. In this sense, ocean economy; change in all regions and at all scales and
portunities, and technological innovations “The Science we need for the Ocean we . A predictable ocean, which society un- improve services, including forecasting re-
based on ocean science to contribute to the want” will be sought in a cooperative, sys- derstands so that it can respond to chang- lated to climate change. ocean, climate,
sustainable development and the health temic, and integrated way. ing conditions; and weather conditions;

120 BLUE ECONOMY Sea Governance in the Decade of Ocean Science 121